Cross-Contamination and its Role in Food Poisoning Outbreaks Cross-contamination is one of the most major causes of food poisoning (Food Standards Agency‚ 2014). It is defined as ‘the process by which a substance that is harmful or dirty spreads from one area to another’ (Cambridge Online Dictionary‚ 2014) .There are 3 different types of contamination in the food industry; microbial contamination‚ physical contamination and chemical contamination‚ with microbial contamination being a more frequent
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different animals. They were first reported in mammalian stomach just over 100 years ago.4‚5 Since the isolation of H pylori by Warren and Marshal‚ gastric microbiology attracted world-wide attention and much information has accumulated on the basic bacteriology of H pylori. Epidemiology The prevalence of H pylori in otherwise healthy individuals varies‚ depending mainly on age‚ education and income levels and country of origin. There are accumulating data suggesting that the major period of acquisition
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Section: 309 ABSTRACT Shigellosis is the cause of dysentery‚ and even though it has for the most part been isolated in developing countries around the world‚ it is beginning to spread throughout the Middle East‚ Asia and Latin America. Though research and study has gone on for decades there is to this day no known effective vaccine for this bacterial infection. Continuing research brings us closer to this point but as of right now we must continue to fight it with multiple types of antibiotics
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BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION KARACHI CONSOLIDATED DATE SHEET OF SCIENCE PRE-ENGINEERING‚ SCIENCE GENERAL‚ PRE-MEDICAL‚ HOME ECONOMICS‚ COMMERCE (REGULAR) ‚ MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY‚ IMPROVEMENT OF GRADES & ADDITIONAL SUBJECTS PART-I & II ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS 2012 S.No Date Day 1 07.05.2012 MONDAY Faculty Subject Time 9:30 AM to 11:30 AM 2. Islamic Education (’C) (For Muslims) (2 Hours) Civics (’C) / Akhlaqiat (For Non-Muslims Only) (2 Hours) Science ‚ Home Economics
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Chapter 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology What is Microbiology? • micron = small and biologia = study of living things • Microbiology = study of small living things • How small is “small”? • What do we really mean by living? • Working definition: Study of entities too small to be seen with the unaided human eye. • (< 0.2 mm = 200 µm = 200‚000 nm) Types of Microbes Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea Eukaryotes include Protista (Algae and Protozoa)‚ Fungi‚ and Animalia
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(detoxification by use of microorganisms Genetic Engineering (manipulation of genes in order to create new products) * Who started Microbiology? Antoine van Leeuwenhoek a Dutch merchant The first person to see microbes as being ALIVE! Father of bacteriology * * What Leeuwenhoek could see? Different shapes of bacteria Red blood cells‚ spermatozoa‚ plant and animal cells Magnification of his microscope was 32X Robert Hooke’s Microscope Compared to Leeuwenhoek’s Robert Hook introduced
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Education (2006). Safe Food Handling. Retrieved from http://www. Partners for Food Safety Education (2006). Safe Food Handling‚ Myth Busters. Retrieved from http://www.fightbac.org/content/view/151/2/ Today‚ T. (2009). Todar’s online textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved from http://textbookofbact eriology.net/salmonella 3.html
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In the first part of this lab‚ E.coli cells were transformed with an R-plasmid carrying a tetracycline resistant gene‚ giving rise to tetracycline resistant E.coli strain. This was accomplished through transformation‚ which allowed E.coli to directly uptake the naked DNA molecule carrying the antibiotic resistant gene (1). However‚ in order to take up the DNA and incorporate them into their genome via recombination‚ cells must be competent (1). Therefore‚ E.coli cells which are not competent under
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During my time at the University of Wisconsin- La Crosse‚ it was there that I not only discovered my passion for microbiology; but it was where I became aware of my career goal‚ to be an educator at the university level. I am grateful for the many experiences and the motivation brought on by my peers and mentors‚ which I came across to realize and to bring to fruition my goals. I strongly believe that the education that I receive in conjuncture with the strong mentorship that the State University
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The study of man as a living organism and his relationship with other living organisms the study of man and human society comes under Anthropology. B. Principal sub-divisions of Biology in terms of special groups of organisms. - Bacteriology – the study of bacteria. - Virology – the study of viruses. - Mycology – the study of fungi. - Entomology – the study of insects. - Ichthyology – the study of fishes. - Herpetology – the study of
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