Introduction Bacterial transformation is the permanent alteration of a bacterial cell genotype as a result of its uptake and incorporation of foreign DNA fragments from external medium (Anthony et al‚ 2008). In addition to chromosome‚ bacterial cells often contain extrachromosomal DNA called plasmids which are capable of autonomic replication and antibiotic resistance (Dale & Simon‚ 2010). Plasmids can transport foreign DNA into host or other bacterial cells hence they are known as vectors.
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group‚ the control group‚ did not receive any treatment. The wounds were treated and observations were recorded daily. Bacterial counts were also performed on the swab samples taken from the wounds on the first‚ third and fifth day. The results of the bacterial count revealed that there was no significant difference between the Jatropha multifida and Betadine in preventing bacterial growth. Qualitative observations of wound size and healing time showed that Jatropha multifida latex is as effective
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Chapter 22: Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases Question Type: Multiple Choice 1) Feces are composed about 50% by weight and volume of bacteria. Most of these are species of ________. a) Salmonella b) Escherichia c) Bacteroides d) Streptococcus Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 22.1 Review the anatomy of the digestive tract as it pertains to microbial defenses. Section Reference 1: Section 22.1 Components of the Digestive system 2) Streptococcus form ________ ‚ polysaccharides
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The purpose of this lab is to successfully infiltrate E. coli bacterial cells with a pARA-R plasmid that is antibiotic resistant and has the rfp gene‚ or red fluorescent protein. This can be verified if the E. coli obtains the characteristics of the plasmid when it enters. To start‚ three Petri plates containing agar are needed. On each plate there is a control group and a treatment group; the treatment group being the one with the plasmid. Before the plasmid is put with the E. coli‚ first the bacteria
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and/or differences among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as their isolation and identification using serological‚ biochemical‚ and molecular techniques. 2. Identify the functions of the bacterial cell wall. 3. Identify the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters that affect bacterial growth. 4. List the primary sources of microorganisms in meat and poultry products as well as the establishment’s environment. 5. Explain the rationale of how food become contaminated and how does it leads
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SPECIAL SENSES AUDITION & EQUILIBRIUM Chapter 15 HEARING • Textbook: Pages 570-579 • Review Questions: #19-23 EQUILIBRIUM • Textbook: Pages 580-583 • Review Questions: #24-25‚ 29 THE EAR – AUDITION & EQUILIBRIUM • Outer‚ Middle‚ Inner – Outer + middle: hearing structures – Inner: hearing + equilibrium structures • Audition – sound vibrations move fluids to stimulate hearing receptors • Equilibrium – head movements disturb fluids surrounding equilibrium receptors Figure 15.24a Structure of
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every habitat on Earth‚ growing in soil‚ acidic hot springs‚ radioactive waste‚[2] water‚ and deep in the Earth’s crust‚ as well as in organic matter and the live bodies of plants and animals. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water; in all‚ there are approximately five nonillion (5×1030) bacteria on Earth‚[3] forming a biomass on Earth‚ which exceeds that of all plants and animals.[4] Bacteria are vital in recycling
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evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the effects it has on our entire biological community. Understanding the difference between viral and bacterial infections is a priority that needs attention-grabbing awareness on preventing the spread of resistant bacteria. Most colds‚ sore throats and ear or sinus infections are viral infections. Bacterial infections include strep throat‚ urinary tract infections and some wound and skin infections. Knowing what causes an illness is important because
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receptor proteins. The binding triggers the auto phosphorylation of the intracellular domains. In return this phosphorylates specifically substrates signaling protein. This protein then phorylates other downhill signal proteins known as a signaling transduction cascade. The glucose in the blood stream then decreases after entering glucose transport proteins known as Glutes‚ which are located towards the cells surface. The glucose is now inside the cell where it is then metabolized to generate the energy
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In the late 1960’s‚ while taking night classes at the NIH‚ Howard Varmus would be captivated by the partnership that seemed to exist between viruses and cancer. His interests would be further spurred by the introduction of two opposing hypotheses‚ the provirus hypothesis and the virogene-oncogene hypothesis‚ both attempted to describe how RNA viruses interacted with chromosomes of infected cells‚ but had little sound data to back either up. With this information in hand‚ Varmus‚ in the summer of
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