Bacillus thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis is a universal‚ gram-positive‚ vegetative‚ spore-forming bacterium that is rod shaped and varies between 2–5 µm long and about 1.0 µm wide . Bt consists large rods with slightly curved ends and forms a parasporal crystal during the stationary phase of its growth cycle . Occurring in pairs or short chains‚ Bt is also motile with peritrichous flagella and non-caspulated . Bt belongs to the family of bacteria‚ Bacillus cerus (B. cerus)‚ which produces
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------------------------------------------------- Genetically modified crops Genetically modified crops (GM crops‚ or biotech crops) are plants‚ the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineeringtechniques‚ to resist pests and agents causing harm to plants and to improve the growth of these plants to assist in farmers efficiency. Genetic engineering techniques are much more precise[1] than mutagenesis (mutation breeding) where an organism is exposed to radiation or chemicals to create
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Genetically modified crops (GMCs‚ GM crops‚ or biotech crops) are plants‚ the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples include resistance to certain pests‚ diseases‚ or environmental conditions‚ or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide)‚ or the production of a certain nutrient or pharmaceutical agent. Genetic engineering techniques
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is Bt brinjal? Bt brinjal is genetically modified variety of brinjal which gives more resistant to Brinjal plant against insects. In technical terms Bt Brinjal is a transgenic brinjal created by inserting a gene [Cry 1Ac] from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (and hence the name Bt) into Brinjal. The insertion of the gene into the Brinjal cell in young cotyledons has been done through an Agro bacterium-mediated vector‚ along with other genes like promoters‚ markers etc. This genetic insertion
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can isolate a gene responsible for conferring drought tolerance‚ introduce that gene into a plant‚ and make it drought tolerant. Crops can also be transformed using non-plant genes such as the use of Bt genes‚ in cotton and many other crops. Bt‚ or Bacillus thuringiensis‚ is a naturally occurring bacterium that produces crystal proteins that are lethal only to insect larvae. Bt crystal protein genes have been transferred into cotton‚ soya‚ corn‚ brinjal‚ enabling the plants to produce its own pesticides
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herbicides to allow farmers to use a mixed group of two‚ three‚ or four different chemicals.[71] Pathogen resistance – insects or viruses Tobacco‚ and many other crops‚ have been generated that express genes encoding for insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).[19][72] Papaya‚ potatoes‚ and squash have been engineered to resist viral pathogens‚ such
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of insecticide was discovered‚ particularly for corn. In this new case‚ the organism itself is genetically modified for protection. This insect-resistant corn is the new Bt-corn and contains genetic material from the donor organism‚ a bacterium. Bacillus thuringiensis contains a protein that kills the larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis‚ European corn borers‚ but is harmless to other insects (Bessin‚ 1999). When the Bt is consumed by the larvae‚ toxins paralyze the insectfs intestines‚ eventually causing
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CONTENTS 1. What is Genetic modification? ................................. 3 2. What are genetically modified crops? ...................... 3 3. Objective behind the research. ................................. 4 4. A brief description. .................................................... 5 * Article- 1........................................................... 5 * Article- 2........................................................... 5 * Article- 3............
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRELIMINERIES Due to highly development of chemical and biochemical industries‚ acetic acid has largely produced to fulfil the needs of world demand in production of daily used products and for pharmaceutical needs. Therefore‚ this study is carried out to introduce the production of acetic acid using biological pathways which includes the used of microorganisms. In this chapter will briefly explained on the knowledge about acetic acid and the microorganism
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Effects of Bacillus Thurgeinsis on two Varieties of Kale Introduction: Pest such as cabbage whites often cause damage to plants. The damage sometimes leaves the plants not as sufficient at producing as they could be if there was no damage. All sorts of caterpillars and other insects like them chew and eat holes in the leaves of plants‚ such as kale. Trying to reduce the amount of damage done to the pants by these pests‚ farmers use a type of biological control which uses bacillus thuringiensis
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