believe there has been peripheral nerve damage because of the symptoms that he exhibits. It seems that his receptors are not effectively communicating back to the central nervous system; in addition he is losing his somatic reflexes in his feet‚ both indicating damage to his somatic nervous system. I guess there could be damage to the central nervous system‚ but I would expect that the symptoms would be even more severe. C. Diabetic neuropathies damage peripheral nerves. Which component of the reflex
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Textbook: Neural Reflexes * all neural reflexes begin with stimulus that activates sensory receptor * receptor sends info in form of AP through sensory neurons to CNS * CNS: integrating center that evaluates all incoming info and selects appropriate response * Initiates AP in efferent neurons to direct response of muscles or glands (effectors) * Negative feedback: * Feedback signals from muscle or joint receptors keep CNS continuously informed of changing body position
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DEFINE REFLEX REFLEXES ARE RAPID‚ PREDICTABLE‚ INVOLUNTARY MOTOR RESPONSES TO STIMULI; THEY ARE MEDIATED OVER NEURAL PATHWAYS CALLED REFLEX ARCS. NAME FIVE ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF A REFLEX RECEPTOR‚ SENSORY NEURON‚ INTERGRATION CENTER‚ MOTOR NEURON‚ AND EFFECTOR IN GENERAL‚ WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF REFLEX TESTING IN A ROUTINE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION? IT IS AN IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC TOOK FOR ASSESSING THE CONDITION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. IT HELPS TO INDICATE DEGENERATION OR PATHOLOGY OF PORTIONS
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23: General Sensation Chap 22: Reflex Physiology Reflex Arc: mediated by neural paths (connections of neurons) to yield rapid involuntary muscle response to stimuli Two main groups of reflexes: 1) Autonomic: mediated thru autonomic nervous sys (smooth muscles in digestion‚ glands in sweating) 2) Somatic: involve sensory stimulation that causes skeletal muscles to react (withdrawal reflex from pain) 1 1/3/2013 Components of Reflex Arc 1. Receptor: site of stimulus 2. Sensory neuron:
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Story A. Prickling sensation in both feet Weak reflexes Loss of muscle tone Loss of feeling in feet Symptoms both sensory and motor B. The symptoms Nick is describing are likely caused by peripheral nerve damage; Not damage to the CNS. C. Diabetic neuropathies damage peripheral nerves. The component of the reflex that is most likely to be damaged in Nick’s situation would be the patellar reflex and the Achilles reflex. D. The division of the autonomic nervous system affected‚ that’s causing Nick’s
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Chapter 13 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The spinal cord is part of the A) peripheral nervous system. B) somatic nervous system. C) central nervous system. D) autonomic nervous system. E) afferent nervous system. Answer: C 2) The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In the spinal cord‚ white matter is organized into ascending and descending tracts grouping into A) nuclei. B) nerves. C) columns. D) ganglia. E) horns. 2) Enlargements of the spinal cord occur A) adjacent to the anterior median fissure. B) in the filum terminale. C) near the posterior median sulcus. D) in segments of the spinal cord that control the limbs. E) in the thoracic
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Outline Spinal Cord‚ Spinal Nerves‚ Somatic Reflexes-Chapter 13 Reflexes- they are involuntary stereotyped responses to stimuli‚ they involve the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and peripheral nerves Spinal cord- cylinder nervous tissue that begins at the foramen magnum and passes through the vertebral canal as far as the inferior margin of the first lumbar vertebrae (L1)‚ 18 inches long and ½ inches wide Anterior Median Fissure- in the front‚ deeper Posterior Median Sulcus- in the back‚ shallow ▪Two Enlargements
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There are three distinct types of muscles: skeletal muscles‚ cardiac or heart muscles‚ and smooth (non-striated) muscles Skeletal muscle is a form of striated muscle tissue existing throughout the human body‚ and which is under control of the somatic nervous system; Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart‚ specifically the myocardium . Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle Smooth muscle
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each with somatic and visceral subdivisions – Sensory (afferent) division: carries signals from receptors to CNS • Somatic sensory division: carries signals from receptors in the skin‚ muscles‚ bones‚ and joints • Visceral sensory division: carries signals from the viscera (heart‚ lungs‚ stomach‚ and urinary bladder) 12-5 Overview of the Nervous System • Motor (efferent) division—carries signals from CNS to effectors (glands and muscles that carry out the body’s response) – Somatic motor division:
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