Autism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication‚ and by restricted‚ repetitive or stereotyped behaviour. Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood.[3] Autism is usually caused by genetic transfer‚ and in rare cases‚ autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects.[6] Controversies surround
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Intellectual disability (ID) is defined as the presence of incomplete mental development (Katz & Lazcano-Ponce‚ 2008). An intelligence quotient (IQ) score below 70-75 is commonly used to diagnose ID‚ and in affected children‚ observable deficits in linguistic‚ social‚ and cognitive skills reveal underlying delays in their development. ID may result from various developmental disorders such as Down and Fragile-X syndromes. Symptoms of ID in children include poorer long-term memory (LTM) than peers
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B. Background of the study Since the 1980’s‚ we have gained a better understanding of the broad diagnostic category that includes autism and autism-like disorders. Autistic Disorder (autism) is now believed to represent only one part of a clinical spectrum or group of disorders collectively termed pervasive developmental disorders. What is Autism? Autism is a neurobehavioral syndrome caused by a dysfunction of the central nervous system that leads to disordered development. According to the Diagnostic
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Autism Symptoms Symptoms of autism usually appear before a child is three years old and lasts throughout their lives. Children with autism can display a wide range of symptoms which can vary in severity from mild to disabling. Children with autism have difficulties in: Pretend play Social interactions Verbal and nonverbal communication General symptoms include: Be overly sensitive in sight‚ hearing‚ touch‚ smell‚ or taste (for example‚ they may refuse to wear "itchy" clothes and become
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History of Autism Doctors have come a long way since 1908‚ when the word autism was first used. Here’s a look at the history of autism spectrum disorder. By Virginia Sole-Smith You might think of autism as a new problem because it has become so much more prevalent in recent years. But it’s actually been on the books for more than 70 years--and our thinking about the condition has changed dramatically during that time. Here are the key events in autism history. 1908: The word autism is used to describe
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Name: Professor: Course Code: Date: Autism And Vaccines: Sentence Outline I. Introduction The 21st century world has greatly benefited from advancements in the realm of medicine. New cures‚ medical technology and research material have all resulted from in-depth research in medicine. However‚ adoption and use of vaccines has recently raised controversy over claims of aggravating autism in children. Parents are also engulfed in the debate on whether to they should or should not vaccinate their
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Nursing and Autism Nursing and Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder or Pervasive Developmental Disorder as it was formerly known has increased in incidence over that last two decades. The autism spectrum disorders can often be reliably detected by the age of 3 years‚ and in some cases as early as 18 months.2 Studies suggest that many children eventually may be accurately identified by the age of 1 year or even younger. The appearance of any of the warning signs of ASD is reason to
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Autism is known as a complex developmental disorder that appears in the first three years of life. It affects the brain’s normal development of social and communication skills. People with autism have problems with non-verbal communication‚ social interactions‚ and activities that include elements of play. Symptoms of autism are usually first noticed by a parent or another caregiver sometime during the child’s first three years. Autism is a wide-spectrum disorder which means no two people with autism
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intellectual disabilities significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (IQ below 75) and adaptive behavior (conceptual‚ social‚ and practical adaptive skills) Autism developmental disability that significantly affects verbal and nonverbal communication‚ social interaction‚ and educational performance multiple disabilities the combination of impairments which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education program solely for
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Introduction In order to understand the causes of autism‚ biologically‚ environmentally‚ cognitively‚ one must understand what autism truly is. According to the American Psychiatric Association‚ autism spectrum disorder is defined by impairment in social interaction and communication skills‚ as well as an occurrence of repetitive behavior along with a need for a routine (APA‚ 2000). The American child psychologist Leo Kanner first described the condition in 1943 (Funk & Wagnalls‚ 2014). It is
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