Sensation: Intro Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. Bottom-up processing is the analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information. Top-down processing is information processing guided by higher-level
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The Structure of Inner Ear The inner ear is the essential part of the organ of hearing‚ receiving the ultimate distribution of the auditory nerve. It also called the labyrinth. Inner ear consists of two parts: the osseous labyrinth‚ a series of cavities within the petrous part of the temporal bone‚ and the membranous labyrinth‚ a series of communicating membranous sacs and ducts‚ contained within the bony cavities. The osseous (or bony) labyrinth: Bony labyrinth is the rigid outer wall of
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cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses which are then sent to the brain. Here‚ these impulses are interpreted as meaningful sounds. There are only 15‚000 hair cells to perform this analysis‚ and they pass the information to the auditory
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external microphone and a speech processor to stimulate the auditory nerve through embedded electrodes in the cochlea. The technology helps hearing impaired people who are profoundly deaf and/or have damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Position and Type of Energy Transfer Occurring In terms of the position and type of energy transfer occurring‚ cochlear implants were developed to bypass dead hair cells and electrically stimulate the auditory nerve directly. They consist of three main components:
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improve ability to hear sounds and interact with the environment. Recipients can hear speech‚ telephones‚ and may be able to listen and enjoy music. The surgical procedure is outpatient and takes only a couple hours. After the surgical site heals‚ the auditory processor (external piece) is placed and will begin transmission of sound information. Cochlear implants work best for adults who have lost their hearing recently and have already learned speech and language. Those who are eligible should be fully
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com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-16-0-000-000-2004-Web/JHE-16-3-151-226-2004-Abst-PDF/JHE-16-3-181-187-2004-1160-Singh-N/JHE-16-3-181-187-2004-Singh-N.pdf Stansfeld‚ S.‚ Matheson‚ M. (2003). Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health. Retrieved on July 4th‚ 2014‚ from: http://www.kensingtonassociation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Noise+Pollution_non-auditory+effects+on+health.pdf Vijayalakshmi‚ K.S. (2003). Noise Pollution. Retrieved July 4th‚ 2014‚ from: http://www.yorku.ca/bunchmj/ICEH/proceedings/Vijayalakshmi_KS_ICEH_papers_597to603
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Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) occurs when too much sound intensity is transmitted into and through the auditory system. An acoustic signal from an energy source‚ such as a radio‚ enters into the external auditory canal‚ and is funneled through to the tympanic membrane (eardrum). The tympanic membrane acts as an elastic diaphragm and drives the ossicular chain of the middle ear system into motion. Then the middle ear ossicles
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transient loss of function. The sudden change in the rate of vestibular nerve firing creates an acute vestibular imbalance (ie‚ vertigo). The physical distention caused by increased endolymphatic pressure also leads to a mechanical disturbance of the auditory and otolithic organs. Because the utricle and saccule are responsible for linear and translational motion detection (as opposed to angular and rotational acceleration)‚ irritation of these organs may produce nonrotational vestibular symptoms. This
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Socio-Emotional Socially immature Difficulty in making friends Dependent on teacher’s assistance Academic Spelling problems Limited written language production Reading ability most significantly affected STRATEGIES FOR INSTRUCTION Oral/Aural Approach Auditory training Speech reading Technological Aids Amplification EDUCATIONAL PLACEMENT Special Class Self- Contained Class Inclusive Setting TECHNOLOGIES THAT AMPLIFIES SOUND Hearing Aid Assistive Listening Devices
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is that the hearing aid transfers the vibrations of the amplified sound and requires the hair cells in the cochlea to translate the sound to an electrical signal that can be picked up by the auditory nerve while a cochlear implant takes sound and converts it to an electrical signal for transfer to the auditory nerve. There are two types of hearing aids‚ analog and digital. Analog hearing aids amplify sound but the problem is they amplify sounds equally so someone’s voice could be drowned out by the
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