The DDD pacemakers are found in patients who possess: AV block with or without sinus node dysfunction; or moderate sick sinus syndrome and AV nodal or His-Purkinje disease‚ with at least some ability to increase atrial rate with exercise. Surgical implantation of cardiac pacemakers has dramatically improved over the years. During the late 1950 ’s and early 1960 ’s when artificial pacing was first being implemented‚ patients with severe Stokes-Adams attacks
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infracted brain tissue disintegrates. • Cardiogenic Embolic Strokes are associated with cardiac dysrythmias‚ usually atrial fibrillation. Emboli originate from the heart and circulate to the cerebral vasculature‚ most commonly the left middle cerebral artery‚ resulting in stroke. Embolic stroke may be prevented by the use of anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. • The last two classifications of ischemic strokes are cryptogenic strokes‚ which have no known cause‚ and
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Table of Contents Definition 2 General Information 3 Types Ischemic Stroke 4 Hemorrhagic Stroke 5 Stroke Warning Signs .6 Risk Factors Treatable Risk Factors 7 How a CVA is Diagnosed 8 Medical Treatment Emergency and Rehabilitation .9 Prevention and Prognosis 10 Effects of Stroke 11 Common Problems and Complications 12 Statistics 13 Cost Of Stroke to the United States 14 Final Data for 2000 14 Key Terms 15 Definition A cerebrovascular accident more commonly known as
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1. A client admitted to the hospital with chest pain and a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for cardiac catheterization. Which medication would need to be withheld for 24 hours before the procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure? 1. Regular insulin 2. Glipizide (Glucotrol) 3. Repaglinide (Prandin) 4. Metformin (Glucophage) 4. Metformin (Glucophage) 2. The nurse is reviewing an electrocardiogram rhythm strip. The P waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16
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STROKE A stroke—also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or a brain attack—is an injury to the blood vessels of the brain that causes neurological malfunctioning. In the United States‚ as many as 87% of all strokes are caused by the sudden blockage of a cerebral artery. The resulting decrease in blood flow leads to ischemic damage in the region of the brain that is fed by the artery. These CVAs are called ischemic strokes. Most ischemic strokes are due to blood clots. The remaining 13%
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often presents with a "subtle" clinical presentation (Buttaro‚ Tybulski‚ Polgar Bailey‚ & Sandberg-Cook‚ 2013‚ p. 766). Therefore‚ clinicians need to be aware of the risk factors for CKD and screen patients who present with such factors that place them at risk for this condition. This paper will review the clinical presentation‚ diagnosis‚ patient history‚ physical exam‚ and diagnostics associated with the recognition of CKD. Treatment options will be discussed with
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1. Admit the patient using critical thinking skills to assess and prioritise nursing interventions related to Audrey’s. • Comfort and Safety. Audrey who is diagnosed with fractured left NOF (neck of femur) must be evaluated using pain assessment to obtain the optimal pain management intervention. Analgesics and non-pharmacologic approaches will be helpful to ease her pain and anxiety(Fink‚ 2000). As for her safety‚ the bed must be lowered down‚ side rails up if necessary and all her needs must
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two chamber Pre Test • 3) A breast cancer patient has significant shortness of breath symptoms and echo reveals a moderate sized pericardial effusion. Which of the following echo features does not support tamponade physiology? – – – – A) Right atrial systolic collapse B) Right ventricular diastolic collapse C) Inferior vena cava collapse D) Marked respiratory variation of tricuspid valve inflow Pre Test • 4) The following echo features are noted in a patient with shortness of breath and dyspnea
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Discussion and Practical Application of Interpersonal Relations in Nursing Theory Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations in Nursing‚ published in 1952‚ emerged before the thrust of nursing theory development. Educationally‚ nursing students were discouraged from theoretical learning. Nursing was not considered a profession in 1952. Rather‚ nurses were viewed as physician helpers‚ being called upon based on the physician’s assessment of the patient’s condition and the assistance deemed appropriate
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was admitted to the hospital for severe cellulitis with diabetes mellitus‚ glaucoma and hypertension. Mrs. Collins was admitted to the hospital for 6 days and received IV antibiotics. During her stay it was discovered that Mrs. Collins has atrial fibrillation and began treatment of Digoxin. It was also suspected that Mrs. Collins contracted MRSA and the physician would like to continue IV antibiotics for an additional 5 days. It is in this setting that case management was contacted to explore home
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