3. Accounting Framework for Rights and Obligations of Emissions Reduction Programs The FASB’s Conceptual Framework provides guidance to standard setters for establishing authoritative guidance. We apply the Conceptual Framework to the components of cap-and-trade programs in section 3.1. Section 3.2 describes the resulting accounting treatment‚ including income statement effects‚ of cap-and-trade program rights and obligations that is implied by the Conceptual Framework. 3.1. Using the FASB’s conceptual
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Chemistry and Laboratory I Laboratory 8. Spectroscopy Purpose: Spectroscopy is the study of matter interacting with electro-magnetic radiation (e.g. Light). In this lab‚ we will separate some light sources in to constituent colors and find out the wavelength of some atomic emissions. We will also try to compare the line spectra found from gas discharge tubes and flame emissions. Finally‚ we will measure the absorbance of Copper sulfate solution as a function
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Mass Spectroscopy Mass spectroscopy is a method used in science and industry in order to obtain the masses and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules and to detect isotopes in a sample based on their masses. In order to do this the method requires an instrument called the ‘mass spectrometer’‚ of which‚ is able extract accurate information of the relative masses of isotopes and their relative abundance. This makes the mass spectrometer very useful for applications such as carbon dating
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into the blast furnace‚ potentially using less than half the emissions of today’s state-of-the-art blast furnaces. Top Gas Recycling Blast Furnace CO and H2 content of the top gas has a potential to act as reducing gas elements‚ and therefore their re-circulation to the furnace is considered as an effective alternative to improve the blast furnace performance‚ enhance the utilization of carbon and hydrogen‚ and reduce the emission of carbon oxides. In Top Gas Recycling Blast Furnace‚ oxygen
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Infrared Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry Lab 301A B. The purpose of this lab is to study Infrared Spectroscopy‚ which focuses on the study of the electromagnetic spectrum. The area to be studied is the infrared region‚ which is made up of gamma‚ X‚ and UV rays. We want to be able to identify spectra’s to their complementary structures. The background of this experiment particularly deals with the study of compound structure determination‚ and traits. We must be aware of the functional groups
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purple aura. How are the colors produced by a chemical when it burns related to the atomic structure of the chemical? Colors are produced by energy. When a chemical burns‚ the common atomic structures of chemicals excites the electrons and makes them go crazy. This ends up in the emission of visible light and forms into multiple colors. What is spectroscopy and how is it used by physicists and chemists? Spectroscopy is an important tool used in astronomy. It is detailed study of light that comes from
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Electron Spin Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry BCH3015 • Electron spin is quantized. • The spin quantum number ms has only two allowed values: ms = +½ or –½ • The two directions of spin create oppositely spin create oppositely directed magnetic fields. fields. 61 Proton Spin Organic Chemistry BCH3015 62 Nuclear Spin States • A proton (the nucleus of a 1H atom) also possesses spin. For each nucleus having the spin quantum number
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SCI204 Section G Spring 2007 A Janice Webster Subject: Emission Testing April 22‚ 2007 Introduction With this paper I hope to gain a better understanding of emission pollution and the emission testing process. With my research and my visit to the local Clean Air Car Check site‚ I have compiled information that will prove valuable. I will define emission pollution and the major contributors. I will answer the why we have to emission test. I will also take you through the testing process
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decreasing emissions earlier than mandated by the cap. Borrowing Using carbon allowances from future years to comply with earlier emissions reduction goals‚ increasing emissions in early years and leading to steeper reductions later. Carbon allowance A permit to emit one metric ton of carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas emissions. Leakage Carbon emissions moving from under a cap to outside the system due to differential incentives‚ increasing total emissions in the process
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Emission Control Techniques 1. INTRODUCTION The need to control the emissions from automobiles gave rise to the computerization of the automobile. Hydrocarbons‚ carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen are created during the combustion process and are emitted into the atmosphere from the tail pipe. There are also hydrocarbons emitted as a result of vaporization of gasoline and from the crankcase of the automobile. The clean air act of 1977 set limits as to the amount of each of these pollutants
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