University of Illinois - Springfield Copyright © 2014 The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Bonding • Bonding is the joining of two atoms in a stable arrangement. • Through bonding‚ atoms attain a complete outer shell of valence electrons (stable noble gas configuration). • Atoms can form either ionic or covalent bonds to attain a complete outer shell (octet rule for second row elements). • Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from one element
Premium Atom Chemical bond Electron
Objectives Write the correct symbols or names of some elements. Describe some physical properties of the elements you observe. Categorize an element as a metal or nonmetal from its physical properties. Given the complete symbol of an atom‚ determine its mass number‚ and the number of protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons. To identify and classify different types of matter. Background Primary substances‚ called elements‚ build all the materials about you. Some look similar‚ but others
Free Periodic table Chemical element Atom
1. Question : Richard was observing black swallowtail butterflies in the field. Which one of these is an observation he made about a black swallowtail butterfly? The black swallowtail laid its eggs on a parsley plant. Question 2. Question : The most valid and reliable test of the hypothesis‚ more pine seeds germinate after a forest fire‚ would include an experimental group of pine seeds that was recovered from a fire area and pine seeds that were — tolerant of fire. Question 3
Premium Chemical bond Ionic bond Covalent bond
BIO EXAM 1 BUILDING BLOCKS Aminoacids->Proteins->Enzymes Glucose=Polysaccrides Glyseral=Fat Molecule Neoclotides= DNA & RNA CRITERIA OF LIFE: (5) A. Biology: What is it?: BIOLOGY: is the scientific study of life B. What is life? -- Criteria for life: All living organisms have similar properties -composed of cells made up of macromolecules -growth‚ development & reproduction -heritable information in the form of DNA -sensitivity to stimuli -homeostasis (maintenance of internal environment)
Premium Atom Protein Covalent bond
The Identification and Production of Materials 1. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethylene‚ for the production of other substances. Students Learn To: .2 Identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum. • Ethylene is produced either from natural gas or crude oil‚ which are mixtures of hydrocarbons. One method involves… Cracking: a process by which hydrocarbons with higher molecular
Premium Atom Carbon dioxide Oxygen
Combustion Of Alcohols Planning This investigation involves burning alcohol in the air. Key science- Chemistry by Eileen Ramsden says that " an alcohol is a series of organic‚ homologous compounds‚ with the general formula Cn H2n+1OH". The alcohol reacts with the oxygen in the air to form the products water and carbon dioxide: Cn H2n+1OH +(n+n/2)-1O2 ? nH2O + nCO2 The structure of the molecules in this reaction is: H H | | H - C - C - O- H + 3[O=O] ? 1/2[O=C=O] + 3[H-O-H] | | H H This reaction
Free Thermodynamics Energy Heat
red and green balloons decreases. c) Nonbonding (lone) electron pairs exert greater repulsive forces than bonding pairs‚ resulting in compression of adjacent bond angles. 9.12 a) Both molecules would be symmetrical because all four surrounding atoms are the same. In a symmetrical tetrahedron‚ the four bond angles are equal to each other‚ with values of 109.5°. The H-C-H angles in CH4 and the O-Cl-O angles in ClO4- will have values close to 109.5°. b) Two 1) The H-N-H angle 2) The N-H distance
Premium Molecule Atom
[pic] Contents |PART I PLANET EARTH | |Chapter 1 Fundamentals of chemistry | | |The scientific method |1 | |Kinetic theory of matter
Free Atom Electron Electric charge
arrangement of terminal atoms‚ or groups of atoms about a central atom in a covalent compound‚ or charged ion‚ is determined solely by the repulsions between electron pairs present in the valence shell of the central atom. The number of electron pairs around the central atom can be determined by writing the Lewis structure for the molecule. The geometry of the molecule depends on the number of bonding groups (pairs of electrons) and the number of nonbonding electrons on the central atom. The five important
Premium Molecule Electron VSEPR theory
of any substance contains the same number of atoms/molecules/ions as there are atoms in a 12g sample of carbon -12 12g of carbon-12 contains a constant number of atoms. This number is known as the Avogadro constant (L) and is equal to 6.02 x 1023. 1 mole of carbon-12 contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms. Therefore‚ 1 mole of any substance contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms/molecules/ions. For example‚ 1 mole of aluminium contains 6.02 x 1023 Al atoms 1 mole of ammonia contains 6.02 x 1023 NH3 molecules
Premium Oxygen Hydrogen Atom