Chemical bonding – the force of attraction between the two atoms Valence electron – the outer most shell electrons There are three types of chemical bonding i. Ionic bond: ________________________________________ ii. Covalent bond: _____________________________________ iii. Dative Covalent bond: _______________________________ 1.1.1 LEWIS DOT SYMBOL A shorthand to represent the valence electron of an atom. The element symbol surrounded by dots that represent
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2 *Key notes to keep in mind* ü Metals have a high low ionization energy ü Non-metals have a high electron affinity · Atom: The basic unity of an element which still retains the elements properties · Atomic number: the unique number of protons in the nucleus of a particular element · Isotope: Atoms of the same element which contain a different number of neutrons · Periodic law: The chemical and physical properties of the elements repeat
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smallest structural and functional unit of an organism‚ typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane Organelle-any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell Molecule-a group of atoms bonded together‚ representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. Producer- An autotrophic organism capable of producing complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules through the
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table). Atoms are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter. Atoms are made up of particles called protons‚ electrons‚ and neutrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge‚ electrons carry a negative electrical charge‚ and neutrons carry no electrical charge at all. The protons and neutrons come together in the central part of the atom‚ called the nucleus‚ and the electrons ’orbit’ the nucleus in the electron cloud. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example
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Chemical Bonds Chemical Bond: is the force that holds atoms together in a compound. They form because they lower the potential energy of the charged particles that compose atoms. Chemical bonds can be broadly classified into two types: Ionic and Covalent. Ionic: metal & nonmetal Metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them. The metal atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic
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DryLab - III 1. What experimental evidence leads scientist to believe that only quantized electron energy states exist in atoms Answer The evidence was the Niels Bohr experiment on Hydrogen gas that established a quantized model for electron orbits in atoms that effectively explained the spectroscopic behavior of the atoms. 2. a. what is the wavelength ranges of the visible spectrum for electromagnetic radiation Answer The ranges of visible spectrum for human eye is between 390 to 700nm
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by themselves‚ they are gases at room temperature.) Atoms = smallest possible piece of an element o A better definition of an atom may be: the most basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down into smaller pieces by ordinary chemical methods. o This can be confusing‚ because when you read the above definition or when you start looking at the periodic table in class‚ is oxygen an atom or an element? o An element is essentially the same as an atom. Why do we bother with two different words? • An element
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8. SCl6 Name: _________________________________ Predicting Molecular Geometry and Hybridization 1. In each case‚ predict (a) the approximate bond angle(s)‚ (b) the hybridization around the underlined atom. (Note: It is helpful to first sketch the Lewis stucture!) Molecule or Ion (1) OF2 (2) H2CO (3) NO2+ (4) BF3 (5) SbF5 (a) No. of valence e - ‘s (b) Lewis structure (c) Approximate bond angle(s)
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atomic theory 1. Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms. 2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size‚ mass‚ and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size‚ mass‚ and other properties. 3. Atoms cannot be subdivided‚ created‚ or destroyed. 4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds. 5. In chemical reactions‚ atoms are combined‚ separated‚ or rearranged. Dalton proposed an additional "rule
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CaN2O6 Find the number of atoms in 7.6 g of sodium phosphide. 7.6 g x 1 mol x 6.02 x 1023 molecules x 4 atoms Na3P = 1.8 x 1023 atoms 99.94 g 1 mol 1 molecules How many C atoms in 60.5 g of sucrose? C12H22O11 molar mass = 342.34 g/mol 60.5g x 1 mol x 6.02 x 1023 molecules x 12 atoms C = 1.28 x 1024 atoms 342.34 g 1 mol 1 molecules If 3.75 x 1024 atoms of hydrogen are found
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