Jenna Gunselman 12/1/2011 Biochemistry Extra Credit Paper Estrogen and Its Effects Estrogens are steroids that are important in the reproductive cycles of humans and some animals‚ and they are the main female sex hormones. They easily diffuse across cell membranes‚ and once they are inside‚ they bind to estrogen receptors to control many genes and their expressions. In human women‚ there are three types of estrogen: estradiol‚ which is the dominant form of estrogen in women who are not pregnant
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cholesterol is deposited on the walls of arteries and forms a hard substance called plaque. Over time‚ plaque causes the arteries to become narrower‚ decreasing blood flow and causing a condition called atherosclerosis (pronounced: ah-thuh-ro-skluh-ro-sis)‚ or hardening of the arteries. When atherosclerosis affects the coronary arteries (the blood vessels that supply the muscles of the heart)‚ the condition is called coronary artery disease‚ which puts a person at risk for having
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Diabetes Nephropathy 3 Risk factors 4 Pathophysiology of Diabetes Nephropathy 5 Diabetes Nephropathy Management 7 Glycaemic Control 7 ACE/ARBs 8 Blood pressure control 8 Atherosclerosis 9 Risk Factors 9 Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis 10 Atherosclerosis Management 12 Diabetes Clinic 12 Hyperlipidaemia 12 Statins 12 Smoking Cessation 13 Conclusion 13 References 15 Introduction Diabetes is a silent killer! Diabetes
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originated from this obstruction was later lodged downstream causing the stroke in the right hemisphere. It is also evident that the partial obstruction in the internal carotid became further constricted overtime because of the buildup of plaque and atherosclerosis further
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overtime can harden. (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research‚ 2015) 1. Arteriosclerosis also termed hardening of the wall of the arteries can be generated by deposits of lipids on the inner lining of the arteries‚ which is called atherosclerosis and is sometimes used interchangeably with arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is also caused by calcification of the arterial wall and thickening of the muscular walls due to high blood pressure.
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function of providing sufficient oxygen to the heart muscles causing the heart to increase demand on cardiac muscles as a result ischemia of the heart can occur‚ this underlying factor can produce angina pectoris or chest pain. Patients with CAD‚ atherosclerosis blocked the arteries causing the heart muscles to stop supplying sufficient oxygen to the heart and this is accompanied with intense cheat pain‚ nausea‚ sweating‚ shortness of breath‚
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Arteriosclerosis refers to several diseases in which the arterial wall thickens and loses its elasticity. Commonly confused with atherosclerosis‚ which is the formation of plaques consisting of cholesterol and other substances on the arterial walls‚ arteriosclerosis is the thickening and stiffening of the artery walls from too much pressure. Atherosclerosis can lead to arteriosclerosis‚ which comes from the Greek for “hardening of the arteries.” The most common sites for arteriosclerosis are arteries
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And the incidence of clinical consequences of atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease rises with age‚ especially after the age of 40 (Chambless et al.‚ 1997). It is much more common in men in comparison to women and the important risk factors that predispose towards atherosclerosis include smoking‚ hypertension‚ diabetes and high serum cholesterol. The patient is 56 years old‚ has elevated cholesterol and hypertension
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certain fats and cholesterol in the blood‚ high blood pressure‚ high levels of sugar in the blood due to insulin resistance or diabetes‚ and blood vessel inflammation” (2015). Factors that cause atherosclerosis are broken into modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors which will be discussed more in
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the walls of your arteries can become furred up with fatty deposits. This process is known as atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma Your risk of developing atherosclerosis is significantly increased if you: smoke have high blood pressure (hypertension) have a high blood cholesterol level do not take regular exercise have diabetes Other risk factors for developing atherosclerosis include: being obese or overweight having a family history of CHD – the risk is increased if
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