Introduction to Geology GEOL-101 Midterm 1 Review Based on the textbook: Understanding Earth‚ 6th Edition‚ by Grotzinger and Press CH 1: earth system Summary The human creative process‚ field and lab observations‚ and experiments help geoscientists formulate testable hypotheses (models) for how the Earth works and its history. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation focusing attention on plausible features and relationships of a working model. If a testable hypothesis is confirmed by a large
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Chapter One Introduction to Geology "study of the Earth." Geology literally means Physical geology examines the materials and processes of the Earth. Historical geology examines the origin and evolution of our planet through time. • Geology is an evolving science - the theory of plate tectonics was just accepted in the 1960’s. • • . Geology seeks to understand the origin of our planet and our place in the Universe - answers to these questions are also posed outside of the realm
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ridges | | | seamounts | | | lava plateaus | 2 points Question 5 1. The ________ forms the relatively cool‚ brittle plates of plate tectonics. Answer | | asthenosphere | | | lithosphere | | | astrosphere | | | eosphere | 2 points Question 6 1. The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the Earth. Answer | | outer core | | | crust | | | inner core | | | mantle | 2 points Question 7 1. The ________
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An Introduction to Structural Geology Introduction Structural geology is the study of the features formed by geological processes. Features include faults‚ folds and dipping strata. Geologists can work out the order of events and see which events are related by taking fairly simple measurements and using simple methods. Measurements and Techniques The most obvious thing to do when trying to decipher the structural history of a formation is to describe it. One way of doing this is to measure the dip and strike
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Geography Essay The biophysical environment consists of living things such as plants & animals and non-living things such as rocks‚ soils and water. It is the symbiosis between the physical environment and the biological life forms within the environment. The biophysical environment is made up of four overlapping spheres: Atmosphere‚ lithosphere‚ hydrosphere biosphere. As shown in figure (1). These four spheres are dependent upon each other. Each sphere plays a vital role in sustaining
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dating You know this too gumbus Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is divided into plates 7 large plates 20 smaller plates Rigid lithosphere Rest on the asthenosphere (the easily deformed or partially molten part of mantle below the lithosphere Plates move 3-5 cm/year How do they move? Convectional flow Circular movement in the asthenosphere Hot material rising cool sinking 3 Ways Divergent Plates move apart from one another Convergent Plates move toward another Transform Two plates slide
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Plate tectonic theory is a widely excepted theory that the Earth’s lithosphere is made up of plates‚ both oceanic and continental‚ which slowly move due to convection currents in the mantle and the asthenosphere. However‚ it is very hard to be certain as we can’t see the structure of the Earth‚ so some people do not agree with it. This theory saw the introduction of what we know today to be tectonic plates. Tectonic plates occur where there is radioactive decay in the core and temperatures are extremely
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One of the types of rocks that can be found on the Earth are sedimentary rocks. There are two other kinds which are igneous and metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rocks cover about 75 to 85 % of the land on Earth. When pieces of rock or parts of once- living organisms or minerals from precipitation deposit and solidify on Earth’s surface they for sedimentary rocks. (Murck‚ et al.‚ 2008) In addition‚ the way the plate tectonics move‚ can significantly affect sedimentation and the formation of sedimentary
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Types of volcanism associated with plate margins There are two types of plate margin. When there is a boundary between two diverging tectonic plates‚ such as between the North American and Eurasian plates‚ it is known as a constructive plate margin. This is because it recognises the importance of magma rising up from the mantle to create new crustal rock. The boundary between two converging plates is known as a destructive plate margin‚ as it is responsible for more violent seismic activity‚ volcanoes
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Describe the major topographic relief elements on the solid surface of the earth and briefly explain their deposition in relation to the plate tectonics concept. Have you ever wondered where mountains come from‚ why there is a sea floor‚ island arcs or even volcano and what plate tectonic have to do with this? Well worry no more as all your question on the earth’s surfaced topographic relief elements and plate tectonics are about to be answered. The first question that might come to mind is what
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