Zach Cottrell Intro to Ethics September 1‚ 2013 Aristotle and Kant Aristotle and Immanuel Kant have greatly influenced the moral and cultural views‚ and the way that we perceive the world as a whole now. If Aristotle was only judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence‚ only Plato is his peer: Aristotle’s works shaped centuries of philosophy from late antiquity through the renaissance‚ and even today continue to be studied with keen. On the other hand‚ Kant synthesized early modern
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Aristotle and Friendship According to Aristotle‚ there are three kinds of friendship based on three kinds of love that unite people. Aristotle defines friendship through the word‚ philia. Philia is the emotional bond between human beings which provides the basis for all forms of social organizations‚ common effort‚ and personal relationships between people. The three kinds of friendship Aristotle explains are utility‚ pleasure‚ and complete friendship. Friendship based on mutual utility
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Book II of the work‚ Aristotle distinguishes between moral virtues‚ which are learned through habit and practice‚ and intellectual virtues‚ which are learned through instruction. However‚ it is not until later in Book II that Aristotle actually defines virtue. He opens Chapter 5 with‚ "Next we must consider what virtue is" (35) and at its end asserts that virtue is a state of character. Therefore‚ the conclusion of the whole argument is: Virtue is a state of character. Aristotle first makes the following
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Despite several overlapping similarities between Aristotle and Kant on virtue ethics‚ there are fundamental differences between their view on the source of virtuous action. In this paper‚ I will argue‚ the underpinning behind each respectable view differs; as Aristotle believes virtuous action derives from choices lying in the mean whereas‚ Kant does not hold that virtuous action lies in the mean‚ but rather‚ holds they proceed from duty acting in accordance with universal principles. The fundamental
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Aristotle has defined three types of friendships for us to evaluate: utility‚ pleasure‚ and true friendship. A utility friendships are better described as alliances. These friendships are beneficial to both parties and the duration of the friendship lasts until they prove to not be useful anymore. This type of friendship is very common. An example of a utility friendship is a political alliance or business alliance. The next type of friendship is of pleasure. These friendships are based on mutual
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According to Aristotle‚ the highest virtue of man is reason. He believes reason is what separates us from other living beings. Without reason‚ we would be no different than animals living on instinct. To understand exactly what he means‚ we must understand how Aristotle defines virtue. Virtue‚ according to Aristotle‚ is the excellence of function. Everything has a specific function and performing that function with excellence leads to having virtue. He believes the unique human function is
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According to Aristotle‚ Form * Is that which disciplines‚ directs and constrains matter. * You are a bit of matter come to existence with various forms that are within. If the form of being triangle makes it possible to have a certain degree‚ then your form should be giving you that kind of necessity. Forms bring you into reality. When form brings discipline‚ structure‚ through time in the universe does it do through discipline. Determinism is whatever is going on is the only way things
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Poetics by Aristotle Aristotle’s Poetics is the earliest-surviving work of dramatic theory and the first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory 6 Constituent Parts * plot (mythos) Refers to the "structure of incidents" (actions). Key elements of the plot are reversals‚ recognitions‚ and suffering. The best plot should be "complex" (i.e. involve a change of fortune). It should imitate actions arousing fear and pity. Thus it should proceed from good fortune to bad
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Nehemas & Aristotle For Nehemas‚ friendship is a moral state where one treats a specific group of people with preference. Where one neglects neglecting moral value in order to give those specific people that specific treatment. The values of friendship distinguish us from each other and make us different in the sense that opposites attract or it makes us interesting to each other. He says that there are different types of friends. Casual‚ close and in between. The close friends are very special
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Ethics and Aristotle A married couple‚ both addicted to drugs‚ is unable to care for their infant daughter. She is taken from them by court order and placed in a foster home. The years passed. She comes to regard her foster parents as her real parents. They love her as they would their own daughter. When the child is 9 years old‚ the natural parents‚ rehabilitated from drugs‚ begin court action to regain custody. The case is decided in their favor. The child is returned to them‚ against her
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