critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers. Classification of Microorganism Microorganisms are very diverse. They include bacteria‚ fungi‚ archaea‚ and protists. Microorganisms can be found almost anywhere in the taxonomic organization of life on the planet. Bacteria and archaea are almost always microscopic‚ while a number of eukaryotes are also microscopic‚ including most protists‚ some fungi‚ as well as some animals and plants. Viruses are generally regarded
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Methanogens Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. They are classified as archaea‚ a group quite distinct from bacteria. They are common in wetlands‚ where they are responsible for marsh gas‚ and in the guts of animals such as ruminants and humans‚ where they are responsible for the methane content of belching in ruminants and flatulence in some humans. In marine sediments biomethanation is generally confined to where sulfates are depleted
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CHAPTER 4: THE ORGANIZATION OF LIFE VOCABULARY LIST DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS FROM THE GLOSSARY: ECOSYSTEM: a community of organisms and their abiotic environment. BIOTIC FACTOR: an environmental factor that is associated with or results from the activities of living organisms (100) ABIOTIC FACTOR: describes the non-living part of the environment‚ including water‚ rocks‚ light‚ and temperature. ORGANISM: a living; anything that can carry out life processes
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break or active site more active than it needs to be- incorporates 12C more 16s rRNA: 1977 Carl Woese Carl Woese used phylogenetic taxonomy of 16s ribosomal RNA to begin to define Archaea as a separate domain of life from eukaryotes and bacteria. It is important to note that though Woese defined the archaea in 1977 they would not be accepted as a separate domain of life from bacteria until the mid 80s. Importance of 16srRNA: 1. Universally distributed 2. Functionally homologous 3. Sequences
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true bacteria‚ which includes all bacteria except for archaebacteria. Supplement These bacteria form the domain Bacteria‚ previously called domain Eubacteria. It is one of the three domain systems‚ the other two being domain Archaeabacteria (now Archaea) and domain Eukarya (the eukaryotes) -Eubacteria are also prokaryotic and reproduce asexually. -They are the most common bacteria found almost everywhere in the world. -Eubacteria have Peptidoglycan in their cell wall and no nucleus. -They are unicellular
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Chapter 18 Outline: Diversity and Variation 18.1 The Species Concept TAXONOMY- classifying organisms in ways that reflect relationships and help distinguish one type of organism from another. SPECIES- group of organisms that is capable of breeding offspring‚ or mating‚ with another in nature to produce fertile offspring. Individual members of a species may look very different from eachother. Such differences among members of a species are known as variations Natural selection
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become distinct from their ancestors. Phylogeny: the study of relationships between groups of organisms based on shared characteristics - this can give clues to estimate the course of evolution. ? 1 Microbiology • Types – bacteria‚ archaea‚ eucarya (diversity) • Structure – Gram +ve‚ Gram –ve‚ peptidoglycan‚ rod‚ cocci • Metabolism – autotroph‚ heterotroph‚ phototroph‚ carbon‚ nitrogen • Physiology – macromolecular synthesis‚ growth responses‚ adaptation • Ecology – environments
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cell The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) that is passed cell to cell during cell division. Groups of Organisms Domains Kingdoms Bacteria+Archaea Monera prokaryotes Eukarya Protista‚ Fungi‚ Plantae‚ Animalia eukaryotes Characteristics of Kingdoms Monera prokaryotes‚ bacteria + Archaea Protista diverse collection of groups if cell wall- carbohydrate cellulose Heterotrophic or autotropic trophic refers to feeding‚ auto meaning self feeding‚ heterotrophic
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different from all other prokaryotes to deserve elevation to a separate Domain called Archaea (the other two Domains are Bacteria and Eukarya each arising from a progenote)‚ eukaryotes are more closely related to archaebacteria than to other prokaryotes‚ and the root of the universal tree of life lies in the branch leading to Bacteria. The three-domain system met with some opposition on the differences between archaea and bacteria. Research of large subunits of RNA polymerase‚ some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
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Section One : In the discipline known as taxonomy‚ scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name. The first part of the scientific name—in this case‚Ursus—is the genus to which the organism belongs. Agenus(JEE-nus; plural: genera‚ JEN-ur-uh) is a group of closely related species. Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification includes seven levels. They are—from smallest to largest—species‚ genus‚ family‚ order‚ class‚ phylum‚ and kingdom
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