Edayan QNT/351 May 3‚ 2013 Rich Haller Statistics in Business Statistics is a way of gathering‚ analyzing‚ interpreting and presenting data so that it becomes more meaningful. It helps convert raw data into useful information. Statistics is therefore a collection of information. Statistics can be presented in graphical form to make it more appealing and easily understandable by the users. Statistics can be descriptive or inferential. Descriptive statistics have to do with methods in a data set that
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Statistics is the study of the collection‚ organization‚ analysis‚ interpretation and presentation of data. It deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. Descriptive statistics is the discipline of quantitatively describing the main features of a collection of information‚ or the quantitative description itself. Descriptive statistics are distinguished from inferential statistics (or inductive statistics)‚ in that
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The History of statistics can be said to start around 1749 although‚ over time‚ there have been changes to the interpretation of the word statistics. In early times‚ the meaning was restricted to information about states. This was later extended to include all collections of information of all types‚ and later still it was extended to include the analysis and interpretation of such data. In modern terms‚ "statistics" means both sets of collected information‚ as in national accounts and temperature
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Organization of Terms Experimental Design Descriptive Inferential Population Parameter Sample Random Bias Statistic Types of Variables Graphs Measurement scales Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Qualitative Quantitative Independent Dependent Bar Graph Histogram Box plot Scatterplot Measures of Center Spread Shape Mean Median Mode Range Variance Standard deviation Skewness Kurtosis Tests of Association Inference Correlation Regression Slope y-intercept
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Applied Econometrics Applied Econometrics Introduction Outline FEM11090-12 Applied Econometrics Nalan Basturk Erasmus University Rotterdam Econometric Institute basturk@ese.eur.nl http://people.few.eur.nl/basturk/ Introduction Course Introduction Course Organization Motivation Introduction Today Regression Linear Regression Ordinary Least Squares Linear regression model Gauss-Markov conditions and the properties of OLS estimators Example: individual wages Goodness-of-fit 1 / 42 2 / 42
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Applied Problems – Week 1 AP‐1: Which costs are pertinent to economic decision making? Which costs are not relevant? ©2009 McGraw‐Hill Irwin. Used with permission from the publisher. Brickley‚ J. A.‚ Smith‚ C. W.‚ & Zimmerman‚ J. L. (2009). Managerial economics and organizational architecture (RQ 2‐1‚ p. 56). Boston: McGraw‐Hill Irwin. AP‐2: Textbook – Chapter 1‚ Applied Problem 2 (p. 32) AP‐3: Textbook – Chapter 2‚ Applied Problem 1 (p. 83) AP‐4: Textbook – Chapter 2
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Lecture Notes on Introductory Statistics‚ I (P.P. Leung) Lecture notes are based on the following textbook: N.A. Weiss (2012)‚ Introductory Statistics‚ 9th edition‚ Pearson. Chapter 1 The Nature of Statistics 統計本質 §1.1 Two kinds of Statistics §1.4 Other Sampling Designs (其他抽樣方法) Chapter 1 The Nature of Statistics 統計本質 What is Statistics? 何謂統計? From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopaedia: Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection‚ analysis‚ interpretation
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vital statistics of populations studied probability through games of chance‚ gambling | 18th Century | Laplace‚ Gauss | normal curve‚ regression through study of astronomy | 19th Century | Quetelet Galton | astronomer who first applied statistical analyses to human biologystudied genetic variation in humans(used regression and correlation) | 20th Century (early) | PearsonGossett (Student) Fisher | studied natural selection using correlation‚ formed first academic department of statistics‚ Biometrika
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“ Statistics should be interpreted with caution as they can be misleading; they can both lie and tell the truth” Statistics are being used everyday to describe things in working and studying areas to show the productivity of the results they are hoping for. Therefore‚ people observe and notice alternative objects the world around. Throughout this fact‚ similarities and differences are such features that could endanger or turned out as advantages. This is called statistics. Explanations
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Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics CHAPTER 2: Descriptive Statistics 2.3 [LO 1] 28 2007 #1 28 71‚273.93 58‚069‚987.70 7‚620.37 59490 87970 28480 Distribution is skewed right. Descriptive statistics count mean sample variance sample standard deviation minimum maximum range Stem and Leaf plot for stem unit = leaf unit = Frequency 2 9 13 4 28 #1 10000 1000 Stem 5 6 7 8 Leaf 99 123446677 0000112444447 1377 Distribution is more normally shaped in 2007. 2.5 [LO 2] a. We have 2
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