Pricing Decisions are decisions faced by top management and marketing managers. How much to charge for a product or service depends on a multitude of factors such as competition‚ cost‚ advertising‚ and sales promotion. Economic theory suggests that the best price for a product or service is the one that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total costs. However‚ in reality‚ the price charged is usually some form of cost-plus‚ which is later adjusted for market conditions and competition
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1. Pricing decisions Factors to consider when setting prices All profit organizations and many non profit organizations must set prices on their products or services. Simply defined‚ price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. More broadly‚ price is the sum of the values consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service. A company ’s pricing decisions are affected both by internal company factors and by external environmental factors. These factors
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of $599 in the United States‚ the iPhone was one of the most anticipated electronic devices of the decade. Despite its high price‚ consumers across the country stood in long lines to buy the iPhone on the first day of sales. Just two months later‚ Apple discontinued the less-expensive $499 model and cut the price of the premium version from $599 to $399. Target Group A study conducted by Rubicon (2008) on iPhone users indicates that 50% of the surveyed users are age 30 or younger. Most of the
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CASE STUDY: APPLE Chapter 7: Pricing Contents A. Understanding Pricing 4 1. Internal and External Considerations Affecting Price Decisions 5 1.1. Internal factors 5 1.2. External Factors 9 2. Setting The Price 10 B. Introduction to Apple 13 1. Product 14 2. Promotion 15 3. Place 16 4. Price 17 C. IPHONE 19 1. Introduction to iPhone 19 1.1 Main Features 19 1.2 Market share 20 2. Pricing Strategy of Apple’s IPhone 21 2.1 High Reference Pricing 21 2.2
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Notes on Pricing Decisions In this note‚ we will discuss the pricing of a given product or a service. We will only discuss the pricing of an individual product/service and not the pricing across a set of products in a product line. Thus in the discussion that follows‚ we assume that the pricing decision of the product/service under consideration has no bearing on the profitability of other products/services in the portfolio of the firm. 1. Overview of the Pricing Decision: While making
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marketing strategy so important to the pricing decision? Can you think of some examples in which the strategy and the price appears to be inconsistent? The decision process required to set prices takes into consideration various factors. According to (Winer & Dhar‚ 2011)‚ these factors are marketing strategy‚ customer perceived value‚ competition and costs. This brief analysis will focus on the effect that one factor‚ marketing strategy‚ has on the pricing decision. A marketing strategy has many
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Pricing is both an art as well as science. There is no one right way to determine the price of products or services you are selling. To a large extent‚ the price is based on the value customers perceive to get from the product and what they are willing to pay for it. So what factors do you need to consider when pricing your products and services? 1.Objectives of the Business : There may be various objectives of the firm such as getting a reasonable rate of return‚ to capture the market‚ maintenance
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MARKET STRUCTURE AND PRICING DECISIONS BY ONIKOYI O. OLUWATOBI M.sc. Marketing A Presentation submitted to the department of business Administration and marketing Management and Social Sciences. In partial Fulfilment on ECONS 801 (MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS) Taught by Associate Prof. Didia P. O November‚ 2011 Introduction In order to maximize profits or shareholder wealth‚ managers must use the information that they have relating to demand and costs in order to determine strategy regarding price
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Pricing Decisions and Profit Analysis Chapter 5 6/1/12 ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 5.1 a. A hospital that is a price setter has some degree of market dominance and hence can‚ more or less‚ dictate the prices that it sets on its services. Conversely‚ if the hospital is one of a large number in its service area and is not in a position to distinguish its services from other hospitals‚ it is a price taker. This means that it will have to “take” the prices set in the marketplace without having
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ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates a particular model for making the pricing decisions associated with hotel booking. Implementing such pricing decisions that are designed to optimize the profitability of the hotel forms part of a policy commonly referred to as yield management. The model utilizes fore casts of demand in individual market segments to capitalize on the willingness of people in one segment to pay more than people in another segment. The procedure for doing this is necessarily time-based
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