Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal which is distributed in the environment. Humans may get exposed to lead due to food‚ water contamination and air pollution caused by industrial emission [4]. As a neurotoxic agent‚ lead has been known to cause damage in the nervous system. The developing central nervous system (CNS) is far more vulnerable to lead’s toxic effects than the mature brain [40]. Learning and memory impairments in experimental animals exposed to lead during embryonic and gestational stages have
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A lot of people have been getting into the weight-loss bandwagon. Nowadays there are numerous supplements and drinks that promise significant weight loss after a certain amount of time following regular consumption. One famous chemical currently advertised is L-carnitine. The substance is water soluble which oxidizes and transports long chain fatty acids into the mitochondrion (Dokmeci et al.‚ 2005; Gulcin‚ 2006)‚ transeterifies and acetyl-CoA‚ oxidizes branched chain
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NEOPLASIA Presented by Dr Abudu Emmanuel Kunle (MBBS‚ M.Sc‚ FMCPath) Senior Lecturer and Consultant Histopathologist University of Uyo Teaching Hospital‚Uyo‚ Akwa- Ibom State‚ Nigeria. Neoplasia means the process of new growth whilst Neoplasm means a new growth. Sometimes‚ the parenchyma cells stimulate the formation of an abundant collagenous stroma‚ referred to as desmoplasia. Some tumours e.g. some cancers of breast are stony hard or scirrhous. Sarcomas have little connective tissue stroma and
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It is hard to find any person that is not affected by a traumatic brain injury or stroke‚ whether they personally experienced the brain injury‚ or they know someone who was affected by a brain injury. Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are any injuries to the brain caused by a range of bumps‚ jolts‚ and even penetrations‚ which have a negative impact on normal function in the brain. Concussions may be considered mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) because the people experiencing concussions have shorter
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The adaptive part is comprised of the repair process and the maintenance of the cell. The aim of the adaptive part is to sustain the cell from the damages caused by the temperature shifts and enable it to continue to grow. Repair process is crucial‚ especially when the DNA was destructed by the adverse impact of the rapid change in temperature. For example‚ when the cell was exposed to 0oC‚ the gene encodes for PP5 and ATM were regulated. The function of the PP5 and ATM is the DNA damage control
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and divides to produce daughter cells with the exact genetic information. The cell cycle is controlled by a series of signals or steps. This process also includes mechanisms to ensure errors are corrected‚ and if not‚ the cell commit suicide (apoptosis). In cancer cell this process become different as a result of genetic mutations‚ this process or malfunctions are a result of uncontrolled cells proliferation. The cell cycle has three different stages: Interphase‚ Mitosis and Cytokinesis. Interphase
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Do you agree with the conclusions? Why or why not? I kind of agree with the conclusion. The PCNA are showing cell growth while the annexin V shows apoptosis. There is evidence of both almost equally in some sections. Where it seems you would need more growth than cell death. I do agree with the fact that the static lungs showed much more apoptosis than the bioreactor‚ allowing them to say the bioreactor provided good
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Cell injury In this topic we are going to cover Cell injury Causes of cell injury Mechanism of cell injury Morphologic alterations in cell injury Morphologic types of necrosis Objectives Describe cell injury List the causes of cell injury Discuss how depletion of ATP causes cell injury Describe how mitochondrial damage cause cell injury Explain the mechanism of cell injury by free radicals Discuss how calcium ion influx cause cell injury Cell injury cell injury results when cells
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fat control mice weighed 5.7g less than the control mice‚ on the other hand‚ the low fat control mice weighed 3.2g more than the Mice supplemented with CLA (West et al‚ 1998). This change in weight and overall body composition is brought about by apoptosis of the adipocyte tissues (Wang and Jones‚ 2004). Human pre-adipocytes taken from the human tissues were cultured and exposed to 100uM conjugated Linoleic acid for 24-94 h (Evans et al‚ 2000). This induced the release of the tumor necrosis factor
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Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the process of using various chemicals to treat diseases such as cancer. This process can be delivered by infusion through a catheter‚ by injection‚ or in tablet form. These chemicals target the cause of the disease and try to kill it off. In the case of cancer‚ toxic substances are used to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells. These substances alter cancer cell division or DNA function and synthesis (“Chemotherapy”). However‚ chemotherapy is very controversial as there
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