Bystander effect in apoptosis To reciprocate the scenario of cell growth‚ the bystander effect can lead cells towards apoptosis. There has been conflicting reports indicating both the expression of connexins induced apoptosis and may also supress/ prolong apoptosis. Studies have shown the expression of Cx32 in Caki-1 cells (human metastatic renal carcinoma cell line) had a suppressive effect on Caki-1 cell growth in mice and also significantly reduce the anchorage and invasiveness of the carcinoma
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a myth; research doe not support this. This latest study‚ published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences‚ researchers showed that cells kept at 37 degrees Celsius were more likely to undergo apoptosis (basically‚ cell suicide) than cells kept at 33 degrees Celsius; apoptosis is a way that we protect ourselves from infection. If the infected cells kill themselves‚ then there are fewer chances for replication of the viruses that infect them. Many people argue that this is more evidence
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Cell Biology Oct.3/14 Cell Cycle part 3: Apoptosis 2 Main ways cells will die: apoptosis is regulated‚ nacrosis is an “explosion” Apoptosis Part of controling number of cells. Importance in balance.“Programmed cell death” – important because if the cell isn’t intact you don’t want cell to divide and keep mutations going‚ to avoid inflammatory response (caused by cells that exploded/necrosis).. ect. Necrosis is triggered by something unplanned‚ leading to decrease ATP‚ pumps‚ atpase activity
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2.3.3. Apoptosis analysis The flow cytometry is one of the efficient and specific methods to investigate the cell death or apoptosis. The fractions of cell populations in different quadrants are analyzed using quadrant statistics such as lower left quadrant (R2-living cells)‚ lower right quadrant (R3-early apoptosis cells)‚ the upper right quadrant (R4- the late apoptosis cells) and the upper left quadrant (R5-dead cells). To examine the apoptosis effect of 3a‚ we treated HepG-2 cells with 25‚ 50
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The objective of these labs were to use sophisticated techniques to produce double-stranded RNA that was incubated with live Drosophila cells to inhibit the expression of our two genes of interest. The overall process of the four labs was to isolate and amplify DNA using the polymerase chain reaction with primers that contained gene-specific sequences to Thread or Dynamin-related protein 1 (drp-1)‚ along with T7 promoter site sequences. The amplified DNA was purified and both strands of the DNA
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During apoptosis‚ cell size decreases and the nucleus undergoes fragmentation while the plasma membrane and cellular contents remain intact. Necrosis is unregulated while apoptosis may be induced to get rid of unwanted cells. Necrosis can affect entire organs including the kidneys‚ heart‚ pancreas‚ adrenal glands‚ and many more. Necrosis may cause dead brain tissue‚ fat‚ lower leg tissue‚ and extremities. Although apoptosis can also occur in normal tissue‚ it is often
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The human body is a very complex working system and it requires a lot of energy to function properly. The human body eats food molecules that contain nutrients in order to get the energy needed to function. Once these food molecules are broken down in the human body some of the nutrients are made into glucose‚ which is an energy source. This glucose is not quite usable as one whole thing so our body breaks down even more into other molecules like pyruvate. Eventually the human body needs to make
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Schmidt‚ HH; Wehnes‚ E; Muller‚ T‚ et al. Complement activation by recombinant adenoviruses. Gene Ther. 2001;8:1794–800. Donegan‚ G. 8 Dec 1995. Gene therapy’s future. CQ Researcher p. 1091-1107. Kerr J.F.R.‚ Winterford C.M.‚ and Harmon B.V. 1994. Apoptosis: its significance in cancer and cancer therapy. Cancer 73: 2013-2026. Kosinski R. J. 2008. Biology 110 Lecture Supplement: 191 Lu Y.‚ Zhang X.‚ Beheshti B.‚ Zhang J Mairangi B. 1997. Clinical Immunotherapeutics‚ Biopharamaceuticals‚ and Gene Therapy
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male gamete then fertilizes the female gamete during sexual reproduction‚ forming a zygote with a full set of genetic material. 2. Why are both cell division and apoptosis necessary for the development of an organism? Cell division is needed to produce the large number of cells necessary to form the individual. Combined with apoptosis‚ the structures in the organism can be carved out and constantly recycled. 8.2 1. Why does DNA replicate? DNA replicates before a cell divides to give a
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rate of apoptosis in the in Michigan cancer foundation (MCF-7) cell lines. The control was the normal cancer cell lines without any PLGAh and PLGAh-Q carrier. The PLGAh carrier was tested in assay in two different concentrations which was found above 1.5 µg and 3.0 µg. The summation of early and late apoptosis was just 8 % in concentration of 1.5 µg and in concentration of the 3.0 µg it was found to be 15 %. But PLGAh-Q in the concentration of 1.5 µg showed approximately 45 % of apoptosis (early+
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