Unit 1- Psychology’s History‚ Approaches‚ and Research Methods Content Master Map People 1. Socrates – Greek Philosopher; believed mind and body are separated. When the body dies‚ the mind lives on; Believes knowledge is innate; Ideas lead to introspection (looking into one’s mind) 2. John Locke – Believed people were born with tabula rasa 3. Mary Whiton Calkins – student of James; memory research‚ 1st woman president of APA‚ was denied a Harvard Ph.d. because of her gender 4
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FRQ Practice #2 AP Psychology 2013-2014 1. In response to declining reading scores in local schools‚ John wrote an editorial suggesting that schools need to increase interest in reading books by providing students with incentives. Based on research showing a relation between use of incentives and student reading‚ he recommended providing a free Starbucks gift card for every ten books a student reads. A. Explain how each of the following psychological concepts could be used to refute John’s
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Logic‚ Philosophy‚ and History of Science Why is psychology a science?: Psychology is a science because it uses systematic collection and observation of data to try to answer questions about the mind and behavior and their interactions. Define dualism: Dualism refers to the division of the world and all things in it into 2 parts: body and spirit. What did Locke mean by tubula rasa?: “blank slate” and has been used (originally by John Locke) to refer to the mind of a child. According to this view
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A.P. Psychology Crib Notes People: Wundt- "Father of Psychology": Introspection Wertheimer- Gestalt Psychology Titchner- Structuralism James- Functionalism Watson- Behaviorism; "Little Albert Study" Freud- Psychoanalytic; dream analysis; free association; structure of personality; stages of development; defense mechanisms Milgram- Obedience; Ethics Broca- left frontal lobe: associated with expressive language Wernike- left frontal lobe: receptive language Pavlov- Classical conditioning:
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Acid Deposition Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides‚ emitted by burning fossil fuels‚ enter the atmosphere-- where they mix with oxygen and woter to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid-- and return to Earth’s surface. Acid Precipitation Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain snow or fog Acitve Solar Energy Systems Solar energy system that collects energy through the use of of mechanical devices like photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors Agribusiness
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|Wundt |“Father of Psychology”; introspection/ Structuralism | |Wertheimer |Gestalt psychology | |Titchner |Structuralism | |James
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of aristocrats in China under the Zhou dynasty. Steppe Nomads Chang Jian (Yangtze River) State of Chu Indo-Europeans Tian Chinese term for heaven. Louyang Questions Chp 5: Answer in bullets‚ charts‚ lists‚ tables 1. Explain the connections between geography and climate on the relationships between the nomadic peoples of central Asia and the Chinese cultivators.
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Social Psychology – The study of how we think about influence and relate to one another Attribution Theory – explains someone behavior by crediting the situation or person’s disposition Fundamental Attribution Error – observers under estimate the situation or overestimate the person’s disposition Defensive Attribution - More responsibility will be attributed to the harm-doer as the outcome becomes more severe‚ and as personal or situational similarity to the victim increases. Attitudes – Feelings
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PSYCHOLOGY– UNIT 1 Attachment is an emotional bond between two people‚ it is a 2 way process that endures over time‚ serving the function of protecting the infant and leading to certain behaviours (seeking proximity‚ distress on separation‚ pleasure on reunion and general orientation of behaviour) There is a Primary attachment figure (PAF) EXPLANATIONS OF ATTACHMENT: LEARNING THEORY Learnt rather than inborn Classical: Association Proposes that food (UCS) naturally produces a feeling of pleasure
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Psychology Chapter One October 6‚ 2013 • What Is Psychology o Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes‚ and has many specialties. Psychology: Three Branches • Experimental Psychology: The smallest of the three groups; perform most of the research. • Teachers of Psychology: Found at colleges and universities‚ where their assignments typically involve not only teaching but also research and publication. • Applied Psychology: This branch uses the knowledge obtained
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