RHOgam! RHOgam refers to Rho immunoglobulin. RHOgam is an injectable blood product used to protect an Rh-positive fetus from antibodies produced by its Rh-negative mother. The injections are given at about 28 weeks in the pregnancy and immediately after delivery. With these injections‚ Rh-negative women can have safe Rh-positive pregnancies. Rh is short for Rhesus factor. Rhesus factor is a type of antigen present on the surface of red blood cells. If you have this particular antigen‚ you
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and histamine monocytes a large phagocyte lymphocytes antibody production Exercise 2: Blood Typing Questions _ A. Describe how the ABO blood typing system works. It is a system of classifying blood based on the presence of protein on the surface of the plasma membrane on the RBC. The protein is called antigen which is accompanied by antibody. B. Why is it important for everyone to know their own blood type? Because every antibody will react to a different RBC with different antigen causing
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function of the immune system. Function: protect body from pathogens + foreign objects‚ destroy infected or malignant cells‚ and remove cellular debris. System includes: thymus‚ spleen‚ lymph nodes and tissues‚ stem cells‚ white blood cells‚ antibodies. 2. Compare innate and acquired immunity‚ and how they differ in terms of how quickly they attack a pathogen‚ and how they recognize a pathogen. Innate immunity- immediate defense upon infection and foundation for adaptive immunity -rapid
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T-cells (T-lymphocytes) also the following were noted; increase in the antibody Ida (immunoglobulin A) which fights upper respiratory tract infection‚ increase in gamma interferon which tells various components of the immune system to “turn on”; increase in IgB‚ the Immunoglobulin produced in greatest quantity in the body‚ and an increase in compliment free‚ which helps antibodies to pierce dysfunctional or infected cells. Laughter is the best
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binding assays for antibody or antigen and both work on the same principle‚ but the means of detecting specific binding is different. Radioimmunoassays are commonly used to measure the levels of hormones in blood and tissue fluids‚ while ELISA assays are frequently used in viral diagnostics. For both these methods one needs a pure preparation of a known antigen or antibody‚ or both‚ in order to standardize the assay. This assay will be described with a sample of pure antibody‚ but the principle
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the formation of complex antigen-antibody dissolved either by binding of antibodies to the antigens on an appropriate destination such as a cell bacteria. IgM and IgG subclass (IgG1‚ IgG2 and IgG3) can activate the classical pathway. The first phase of the activation process involves a continuous chain enzymes C1‚ C4‚ C2
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Rh and Kell phenotyping (antigen typing) using the Diamed Gel Card system. Direct Coombs Test (DCT) using the conventional tube system. Direct Coombs Test (DCT) using the Diamed Gel Card system. Antibody Identifications (IAT) technique using the conventional tube system. Antibody Identifications (ETC) technique using the Diamed Gel Card system. Name: S. Ward Date: 8/11/2012 Introduction: The objective of this practical is to perform some pretransfusion tests‚ using various
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1. Explain why antibodies allow scientists to target and identify specific disease agents. The primary antibodies attach to the antigens that have the same receptors and the secondary antibodies do the same with the primary antibodies. 2. Why is the secondary antibody used in an ELISA test conjugated with an enzyme? What happens when this enzyme meets up with its substrate? The enzyme represents the weapon that the secondary antibodies (police) utilize to kill the antigen (foreign object)
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VIDAS Vitek Immuno Diagnostic Assay System VIDAS principle • Based on specific antibody and antigen reaction • Antigen = pathogen or its components in the sample See notes VIDAS substrate • One of the antibodies used has an enzyme covalently linked to it ⇒antibody-enzyme conjugate Colored product or light antibodyenzyme conjugate • Antigen detected by enzyme assay – Substrate added is converted to a colored or fluorescent product antigen Components of VIDAS System •
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* AP IMMUNE SYSTEM * An animal must defend itself against unwelcome intruders -- the many potentially dangerous viruses‚ bacteria‚ and other pathogens it encounters in the air‚ in food‚ and in water. * Herpes simplex-1 (Herpes labialis‚ HSV-1) * Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2‚ Herpes genitalis) on thigh * Three cooperative lines of defense have evolved to counter these threats. * Two of these are nonspecific -- that is‚ they do not distinguish one infectious agent from another
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