a thyristor works? A thyristor is a 4 layer 3 terminal device with 3 junctions. When the anode terminal has positive voltage and no gate voltage is applied‚ the first and the third junction are forward biased and the second junction is turned reverse biased allowing no current flow through the thyristor. A thyristor starts to conduct when the voltage across the anode and cathode (VAK) is increased beyond the thyristors breakdown voltage (VBO). This is due to the avalanche
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Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal as a result of chemical reactions between it and the surrounding environment. Both the type of metal and the environmental conditions‚ particularly what gases that are in contact with the metal‚ determine the form and rate of deterioration. The most common example of corrosion is‚ of course‚ rust. The reddish-brown compound referred to as rust is actually iron oxide (Fe2O3)‚ a result of reactions between oxygen and iron. But the oxidization of iron is
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Metals (IA) ← Alkaline Earth Metals (IIA) ← Transition Metals (B) ← Halogens (VIIA) ← Electron ← Discovered by J. J. Thomson 1897 (also discovered charge to mass ratio (1.76*10^8 C/g)) ▪ Cathode ray (with high voltage source) through Anode and magnetic field onto fluorescent screen‚ gave off alpha rays and X-rays (discovered by W. Röentgen (1896) by “accident”) ← A fundamental particle (lepton) ← Fermion: it has a spin (±½) ← Give off β when decays ← Milliken’s oil drop experiment
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1 11/8/2006 Techniques of Polymerisation: 1) Bulk or Mass Polymerisation: Method: Pre-polymerisation stage. Monomer is in liquid state and initiator dissolved in monomer is taken in a vessel and heated initially to poln temp. by a hot jacket to initiate the reaction. Monomer is added with constant agitation/ stirring for effective heat and mass transfer. Polymerisation reaction involves extensive bond formation in homogenous system and is exothermic. (25 – 30% poln) Post poln stage :- As the
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Chemistry assignment Introduction: Throughout modern day society metals are constantly used‚ in fact mankind has been heavily dependent on metals for the last several hundred years. But the science behind metals has only been discovered in recent years and has now become known to people that we simply could not live without them. Metals make up around 80% of the elements (currently discovered). They are used in everyday items that society depends on‚ such as: cars‚ re-bars for building‚ window
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Modes to Generate Radical Cations Chemical oxidation D A D A Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) h! 1) D A D A* D A 2) D A h! D* A D A Electrochemical oxidation (anodic oxidation) D Anode D Chemical Oxidation Stoichiometric oxidant: SET O N Bn H N Me O N Me t-Bu Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 DME Bn H N t-Bu hexyl hexyl Me3SiO O FeCl3‚ DMF Me3SiO MacMillan et al. Science 2007‚ 316‚ 582. Booker-Milburn
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the Electron gun‚ Anodes‚ Coil‚ Phosphor-coated screen‚ electronic beam and the spot through which the beam passes through. In a cathode ray tube‚ the electronic gun has to A nodes‚ two coils in the centre‚ which is known as the ELF field‚ as the electronic beam passes from the A nodes to the spot in the phosphor coated screen which has a spot in between. The spot is produced by the light which strikes the phosphor coated screen. Anode and Cathode are used as synonyms‚ where anode is the positive side
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CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT Conductivity of Liquid Electrolysis Electroplating www.excellup.com ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@excellup.com Finish Line & Beyond The materials‚ which allow electric current to pass through them‚ are good conductors of electricity. On the other hand‚ materials‚ which do not allow electric current to pass through them easily‚ are poor conductors of electricity. You know that metals such as copper and aluminum conduct electricity whereas materials
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Jasmine Nassif Chemistry 102 Dr. Ogar August 1‚ 2013 Electrochemistry Part A: Voltaic Cells- use a voltmeter to measure the cell potential (E˚cell) between various 1.0 M aqueous reactant solutions‚ then using balanced half-cell rxns‚ calculate theoretical cell potential values and compare to experimental. Part B: Concentration Cell: Measure the cell potential of CuSO4 (aq) of two differing Molarities – one concentrated and one dilute- then use the Nernst equation to determine the theoretical
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the energy stored within bio-convertible substrates to electricity directly. (0 net carbon emission) The fundamental physical components of a typical dual-chamber MFC are the electrolyte‚ an anode and a cathode partitioned by a proton exchange membrane as shown in figure1 (Du‚ Li and Gu 2007). At the anode‚ microbial respiration oxidizes available substrates to carbon dioxide results in liberation of electrons and protons. These electrons are transported out of the cell to the electrolytes via
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