Chemistry F332 Notes Ions in solids and solutions: Structure of an ionic lattice (Sodium Chloride): * Consists of sodium ions (Na+) surrounded by six chloride ions (Cl-) * Chloride ions also surrounded by six sodium ions. * Held together by attraction of oppositely charged ions. * Giant ionic lattice. * Electrostatic bonds hold lattices together. * Structure is simple cubic. * Some ionic crystals contain water. * Known as water of crystallisation. * These crystals
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if placed in the correct direction. Placing the LED in the improper direction could potentially damage it. The LED could also be damaged if it was not installed with the use of a resistor. They can not be connected directly to a power source. The anode is the positive end and the cathode is the negative end. LEDs are beneficial because
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example to observe a bone for breaks or fractures. An x-ray machine contains a cathode filament‚ which is heated inside of a vacuum tube. It releases a stream of electrons that are accelerated by an electrical field. The electrons travel towards an anode target‚ and once they hit the target they release energy. Most of the kinetic energy released is heat‚ but some of it is released in the form of x-rays. When the x-rays are produced they fire in all directions‚ therefore the tube has a small window
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Many researchers have conducted studies in order to evaluate the influence of the electrochemical potential on the surface properties of pyrite leading to its depression. For example‚ Hicyilmaz et al. measured contact angles of pyrite in the absence of collector in a potential range of -505 to +595 mV vs. SHE. and observed that with increasing the pulp potential from +400 to +595 mV vs. SHE‚ the contact angles decreased. Also in another study conducted by Guler et al.‚ it was revealed that the floatability
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electrical energy with the help of oxidation and reduction reaction. These consist of two vessels (connected by a salt bridge/porous pot)‚ two electrodes (made of different materials) and the electrode on which oxidation takes place is called the anode (or – ve pole) and the electrode on which reduction takes place is called the cathode (or + ve pole)‚ two electrolytic solutions and a salt bridge. The electrolytes are taken in by half – cells. There are many different types of electro-chemical cells
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3 Failure Mechanism of Semiconductor Devices Contents 3.1 Reliability Factor and Failure Mechanism of Semiconductor Devices 3- 1 3.1.1 Reliability factors 3- 1 3.1.2 Failure factors and mechanisms of semiconductor devices 3- 4 3.2 Failure Mechanisms of Semiconductor Devices 3- 6 3.2.1 Time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) 3- 6 3.2.2 Slow trap (NBTI) 3- 8 3.2.3 Hot carrier (AHC) 3-10 3.2.4 Soft error 3-12 3.2.5
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Characteristics and Properties of Amino Acids Introduction: Each amino acid has at least one amine and one acid functional group as the name implies. The different properties result from variations in the structures of different R groups. The R group is often referred to as the amino acid side chain. Amino acids have special common names‚ however‚ a three letter abbreviation for the name is used most of the time. A second abbreviation ‚ single letter‚ is used in long protein structures.Consult
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were loaded into it. The gel ran for approximately 45 minutes at 160 V. A western blot analysis was done in order to examine the Erk1/2 phosphorylation of the NIH3T3 cells. Three pieces of Whatman paper were wet in transfer buffer and placed on the anode plate. A wet PVDF membrane was placed on top of the Whatman paper. The gel was removed from holder and the stacking gel was removed. Forceps were used to place the gel onto the wet membrane and another Whatman paper was placed on top of the. The cathode
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Electric Vehicle Electric vehicles use electric motors to drive their wheels. They derive some or all of their power from large‚ rechargeable batteries. All-electric EVs‚ where the battery is the only power source. Most current (non-luxury) models have a quoted range of 80-120 miles (130-190 km). In practice‚ range varies according to driving style‚ terrain and the use of auxiliary equipment such as heating/air conditioning. Electric Vehicle Component Type of Electric Vehicle Battery electric
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Sakib Khan Electric Eels – Physics The animal that is usually known as electric eel is in fact not really an eel but a freshwater species related more to the carp family or catfish family. These unique freshwater predators got their name from the immense electrical charge that they can easily generate to stun or even kill their preys and dissuade predators. Electric eels can grow extremely large which usually can reach as high as 8 foot long and weigh a great amount of 45lbs. In addition to this
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