24/05/2013 Commerce CHM 1046 General Chemistry II Dr. Michael Blaber Electrochemistry Commercial Voltaic Cells Voltaic cells provide a convenient‚ safe and portable supply of electrical energy. The Industrial Revolution marked the development of heat engines‚ and other devices‚ that utilized the energy released from combustion reactions in the form of heat The Digital Age (Electronic Revolution?) revolves around devices that require energy in the form of electrical energy. Such devices
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ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY –II UNIT-I Electrochemistry Principles Redox reactions Redox stands for reduction-oxidation‚ and are electrochemical processes involving electron transfer to or from a molecule or ion changing its oxidation state. This reaction can occur through the application of an external voltage or through the release of chemical energy. Oxidation and reduction Oxidation and reduction describe the change of oxidation state that takes place in the atoms‚ ions
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Name___________________________________ TRUE/FALSE. Write ’T’ if the statement is true and ’F’ if the statement is false. 1) A molecule is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element. 2) A conducting germanium diode has a potential of about 0.7 V across it. 3) Silicon doped with impurities is used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. 4) Reverse bias permits full current through a pn junction. 5) Semiconductor material of the p-type has few
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available in different series of the TTL classifications. The TTL family consists of SN 7447N‚ SR 7447P‚ SP 74LS47‚ SN 74HS47‚ etc. The circuit drives the large size digital display via current limiting resistors and the display is basically the common anode type display. The outputs of the IC are active LOW type and therefore the negative logic is used in the circuit. Due to this the IC can count up to 16 BCD steps‚ but since the single display is used in the circuit hence the figures after the 10th
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the diode are curve between voltage across the diode and current through the diode. When external voltage is zero‚ circuit is open and the potential barrier does not allow the current to flow. Therefore‚ the circuit current is zero. When Ptype (Anode is connected to +ve terminal and n- type (cathode) is connected to –ve terminal of the supply voltage‚ is known as forward bias. The potential barrier is reduced when diode is in the forward biased condition. At some forward voltage‚ the potential
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These days‚ in many homes‚ it is virtually impossible to have a so called modern kitchen‚ without having a microwave oven in it. The microwave oven could probably occupy the second place (after the refrigerator)‚ in terms of dependence‚ in the kitchen. This magical piece of technology has revolutionized the way people‚ and the food industries cook food. The microwave oven is only a natural evolution of technology; to fit into this fast-paced world. As in every evolutionary process‚ one must look
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Anode-The positive terminal of an x-ray tube; a tungsten block embedded in a copper stem and set at an angle to the cathode (q.v). The anode emits x rays from the point of impact of the electron stream from the cathode. A rotating anode is one that rotates constantly during x-ray production to present a changing focal spot to the currents without overheating. Bitewing (Radiograph) - the x-ray shadow images of the crowns‚ necks‚ and coronal third of the roots of both the upper and lower teeth‚ so
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surfaces in recessed portions of the body. The E-coat paint process deposits a thin paint film on the automotive body under the influence of a voltage gradient of about 200 to 300 volts. The water-based E-coat paint bath is conductive with an array of anodes that extends into the bath delivering a DC current. The paint film that forms has physical properties that resist corrosion (these appear only after the automotive body has been cured in an oven). However‚ as the paint film forms‚ its electrical resistance
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CORROSION Corrosion is defined as the involuntary destruction of substances such as metals and mineral building material by surrounding media‚ which are usually liquid (i.e. corrosive agents)." Most metals corrode. During corrosion‚ they change into metallic ions. In some cases‚ the product of corrosion itself forms a protective coating. "For example‚ aluminium forms a thin protective oxide layer which is impervious to air and water. In other cases (e.g. iron)‚ however‚ the coating either flakes
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OxidatiOn and ReductiOn OxidatiOn & ReductiOn 9.2 9 Introduction to oxidation and reduction Redox equations Some common oxidising agents and reducing agents (EXT) 9.3 Reactivity 9.4 Voltaic cells 19.1 Standard electrode potentials (AHL) 9.5 Electrolytic cells 19.2 cORe 9.1 Electrolysis (AHL) TOK Are oxidation numbers real? I remember contemplating on the nature of reality back in Chapters 2 and 4‚ with regard to electrons and hybridization respectively
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