called Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome‚ where a person has physical characteristics of a woman but whose genetic make up includes a male ‘Y’ chromosomes. Recommendations I propose that our case AFA should be reinstated her gold medal. This is because although she might prove to have an advantage over the other females because of the presence of the male chromosomes‚ she did not cheat. It’s really unfortunate that some such people could be born with unfortunate medical conditions like Androgen Insensitivity
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Hermaphrodites‚ Third Sex You just won the World Championship in the women’s 800 meter race‚ beating your competitors by 2.45 seconds; all of a sudden your competitors are demanding that tests be done to confirm that you are in fact a woman. You are being ridiculed‚ sexually harassed and teased by people all over the world about the way you look and the way you sound. Your life is being ripped apart‚ your success and triumph in the world of competitive sports is being taken from you. That’s
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“Intersex” is a general term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male. For example‚ a person might be born appearing to be female on the outside‚ but having mostly male-typical anatomy on the inside. Or a person may be born with genitals that seem to be in-between the usual male and female types—for example‚ a girl may be born with a noticeably large clitoris‚ or lacking a vaginal
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Gender Testing In Sports and Women Imagine (that)you’re a female professional runner and tomorrow was(is)your big race. You’re pumped and ready; but all of a sudden you get a phone call telling you (that) your gender has been questioned so you may not compete in the competition. Imagine‚ everything in your entire life that you’ve trained and prepared for was just taken from you because of the suspicion that you are not a woman. Women all over the world have received this very call that have stripped
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the most influential ones is known as the neurohormonal theory. The neurohormonal theory looks at the prenatal androgen levels‚ with heterosexual men on the higher end‚ heterosexual women on the lower end‚ and homosexual men and women at intermediate levels (Ellis‚ Ames 1987: 248). With all the studies that have been conducted‚ it seems that the role of the prenatal sex hormones androgen may give us the different types of sexual orientations. Biological factors seem to outweigh environmental
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external genitals. Androgen-insensitivity syndrome is a form of intersexualism in which a genetic male is prenatally insensitive to androgens such that his genitals are not normally masculinized. Dominican Republic Syndrome is a form intersexualism in which a genetic enzyme disorder prevents testosterone from masculinizing the external genitalia. CAH is caused by exposure to androgens which are produced naturally through adrenal or mothers may have received synthetic androgens to prevent miscarriage
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Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have abnormalities in the metabolism of androgens and estrogen and in the control of androgen production. High serum concentrations of androgenic hormones‚ such as testosterone‚ androstenedione‚ and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)‚ may be encountered in these patients. However‚ individual variation is considerable‚ and a particular patient might have normal androgen levels. PCOS is also associated with peripheral insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
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menstrual disturbances‚ elevations of the male androgen hormone‚ delay of normal menstruation‚ absence of the menstruation cycle for more than three months. All of these symptoms are related to the absence of ovulation. Other symptoms such as‚ weight gain‚ insulin resistance‚ oily skin‚ dandruff‚ skin discoloration‚ high cholesterol levels‚ elevated blood pressures may be present in patients who were diagnosed with PCOS. Due to the high levels of androgen hormone‚ such as testosterone‚ DHEA’s and androstenedione
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FSH levels. Alicia has hirsutism as insulin producing cells are overactive and create too much insulin. This increase in insulin causes her ovaries to produce too much testosterone. Elevated LH also stimulates overproduction of androgens. The increase in the excess androgens‚ including testosterone‚ causes Alicia to exhibit male pattern hair growth. In an ultrasound of Alicia’s ovaries‚ you would
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DHT (via. 5-alpha-reductase) - many effects of T are mediated via estradiol (esp in bone and brain) or DHT (secondary sexual characteristics o DHT is converted locally‚ so will not see high systemic levels ▪ has a higher affinity for androgen receptor‚ much more potent o T ( estradiol important for neg. feedback (esp at hypothalamus) and epiphyseal closure - LH from ant.pituitary acts at Leydig cells to stimulate synthesis and secretion of T (which will just diffuse out since
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