consisting of amino acids are an essential component of life. Ribosomes are responsible for assembling these very important structures. On the other hand‚ ricin inhibits protein synthesis (Krieger 2010). Relatively comparing‚ a dose the size of a few tablespoons can kill a human (Krieger 2010). Thus‚ ricin can be considered detrimental to life. With ricin and ribosome being polar opposite‚ scientists try to apply the ricin’s capabilities in a positive direction. Ricin’s ability to disrupt amino acids chains
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ICSE Class X Chapter 5 Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen chloride (HCl) : Formula : HCl Nature : Covalent. Molecular Mass : 36·5u [i.e. HCl = 1 + 35·5 = 36·5] Occurrence : (i) Present in gastric juices. (ii) Present in volcanic gases. Laboratory preparation of HCl gas : Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in laboratory by heating conc. H2SO4 with NaCl. NaCl + H2SO4 Heat → NaCl + NaHSO4 Heat → NaHSO4 + HCl Sodium hydrogen sulphate Na2SO4 + HCl
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(2009)‚ Chapter 28: Taking the Tour: Recommended AP Experiments‚ AP Chemistry for Dummies‚ Wiley Publishing‚ Inc.‚ Indiana‚ p. 294. Olson‚ J.S Sizer‚ I.W. & Peacock‚ A.C. 1947‚ The ultraviolet absorption of serum albumin and of its constituents ’ amino acids as a function of pH‚ PhD thesis‚ Massachusetts Institute of Technology‚ Cambridge. Stewart‚ K.K. & Ebel‚ R.E. 2000‚ Chemical Measurements in Biological Systems‚ John Wiley & Sons‚ Inc‚ New York.
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available in the course. Please use the book‚ PPT lecture handouts‚ and internet to answer the following six questions: Question 1 (8 points) Mr. Tony‚ a biology teacher‚ gives his student Ziad four samples and tells him they are lysine (an amino acid)‚ lactose (a disaccharide)‚ insulin (a protein hormone)‚ and RNA. The samples are in test tubes marked 1‚ 2‚ 3‚ and 4‚ but Ziad is not told which compound is in which tube. He is asked to identify the contents of each tube. a. In his first test
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AT END OF CHAPTERS UNIT 1 Macromolecules * Large molecules sometimes composed of a large number of repeating subunits * Four major classes: Carbohydrates (made of simple sugar/glucose)‚ Lipids (Glycerol and Fatty Acids)‚ Proteins (Amino Acids) and Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides) * Condensation reaction/dehydration synthesis: a reaction that creates a covalent bond between two interacting subunits. Removal of H from one functional group and an OH from the other‚ and the H come together
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one of the toughest materials we know.(Arizona State University‚2013). Furthermore‚silk consists of very repetitive blocks of mainly glycine and alanine.These are the simplest and smallest amino acids allowing strands to be packed together.(Powers‚2013).In ad- dition‚production of silk fibers starts from amino acids building blocks.The method continues with change in concentration of the protein and ionization of the environment.It is then followed by application of an
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PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID Introduction: Citric acid is a White solid‚C3H4OH(COOH)3‚soluble in water and slightly soluble in organic solvents‚ which melts at 153 oC. Aqueous solutions of citric acid are slightly more acidic than solutions of acetic acid. Traces of citric acid are found in numerous plants and animals‚ because it is a nearly universal intermediate product of metabolism. Large amount of the acid are found in the juice of citrus fruits‚ from which it is precipitated by the
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Lewis Acids and BasesLewis acids and bases play an important role in chemical reactions because‚ except oxidation-reduction reactions‚ almost every reaction could be categorized as an acid-base reaction. Bases in water solutions show certain specific characteristics: bitter taste‚ feel slippery‚ and turn litmus paper blue. Acids in water solutions show these most common characteristics: sour taste‚ react with metals‚ and turn litmus paper red. The understanding of chemical reactions‚ such as acid
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What is acid rain? Rainfall made sufficiently acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm‚ typically to forests and lakes. What chemicals make rain acidic‚ and how does it happen? Besides water‚ and carbonic acid (from carbon dioxide dissolved in the rain droplets)‚ the primary components of acid rain are sulfuric acid‚ which comes from sulfur dioxide derived from the burning of coal‚ and nitric acid‚ which from nitrogen emissions. Where do these chemical come from?
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then refluxed for 21 hrs to form amine group which is replaced by nitro group‚ finally they added acid chloride 6 to 17 then the amine group attack the electrophilic carbon (the carbon near to Cl) and eliminate Cl
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