Experiment 1 Titration curves of amino acids General structure of amino acids (amphoteric type): Zwitter ion C * : α- carbon : α- amino acid NH2 : α- amino group‚ basic (proton acceptor) COOH : α- carboxylic group‚ acidic (proton donor) R : side chain of amino acid Classification of amino acids depending on the nature of side
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The reaction between alpha-amino acid and ninhydrin involved in the development of color are described by the following five mechanistic steps: alpha-amino acid + ninhydrin ---> reduced ninhydrin + alpha-amino acid + H2O alpha-amino acid + H2O ---> alpha-keto acid +NH3 alpha-keto acid + NH3 ---> aldehyde + CO2 Step (1) is an oxidative deamination reaction that removes two hydrogen from the alpha-amino acid to yield an alpha-imino acid. Simultaneously‚ the original ninhydrin is reduced
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the RNA bases that are complementary to the DNA template strand that uses uracil opposite to adenine. The RNA polymerase which is an enzyme that moves from the 3’ to 5’end on DNA template strand to synthesis mRNA from 5’ to 3’. b. What is the amino acid sequence produced by translation of the mRNA sequence?
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ChE 171 Assignment 1. Essential and Non-essential Amino acids Amino acids are organic compounds which contain both an amino group and a carboxyl group and may be divided into two groups basing on whether they are produced internally by the human body or not: essential and non-essential amino acids (hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu‚ 2012). An essential amino acid (indispensable amino acid) is an amino acid which an organism needs to ingest because it is necessary
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is held up by a chain of subunits called amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. Protein structures are formed by four levels of folding. The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids. The secondary structure describes the folding of alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets. The tertiary structure represents the overall shape of the protein and the quaternary structure only occurs in a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain. When the shape‚ the structure or
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identify an unknown amino acid. IntroductionAmino acids are simple monomers which are strung together to form proteins. Amino acids play a key cellular role in structure and function. Proteins themselves participate in nearly every physiological event in the cell. Since all amino acids contain at least one amino and one carboxyl group‚ they are classified as amphoteric substances (meaning that they can act as either an acid or as a base) (1). Treating the zwitterion with acid will result an addition
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and these comprise only 20 kinds of amino acids in various combinations. These 20 kinds of amino acids are essential to the body. In addition to being the materials for proteins‚ they are used as an energy source for the body as necessary. Further‚ each amino acid plays an important and unique role in the body. The list below shows the role of each amino acid. | Valine Leucine Isoleucine | All of these 3 amino acids are called branched chain amino acid(BCAAs). They perform the important functions
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on biological thinking as the discovery of base-pairing in nucleic acids. These complementariness principles do not only underlie current ideas on the structure of the nucleic acids‚ but they form the foundation of all speculations‚ more or less well- founded‚ on their physical properties (denaturation‚ hypochromic- ity‚ etc.)‚ on the transfer of biological information from deoxy- ribonucleic acid to ribonucleic acid‚ and on the role of the latter in directing the synthesis of specific
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Diagram of Essential Amino Acid Lysine ● ● Lysine is a base Physical properties: Polar‚ positively charged ● ● ● Highly reactive Hydrophilic Solubility: ^ soluble in cold water ● ● Reactivity: 0 Flammability: 1 (may be combustible at high temps Protein Structure Dehydration Hydrolysis Stabilizing Forces 1) Hydrophobic Interactions Non polar amino acids (leucine and phenylalanine are two examples). Weakest type of bond. 2) Hydrogen bonds: Polar or charged amino acids (example Tyrosine)
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of An Unknown Amino Acid From Titration Abstract Experiment 11 used a titration curve to determine the identity of an unknown amino acid. The initial pH of the solution was 1.96‚ and the pKa’s found experimentally were 2.0‚ 4.0‚ and 9.85. The accepted pKa values were found to be 2.10‚ 4.07‚ and 9.47. The molecular weight was calculated to be 176.3 while the accepted value was found to be 183.5. The identity of the unknown amino acid was established to be glutamic acid‚ hydrochloride
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