Chem 31.1 Post Lab 3 CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND CARBOHYDRATES HYDROLYSIS OF POLYSACCHARIDES - - Susceptible to both nucleophiles and electrophiles Presence of C=O TEST FOR ALDEHYDES AND KETONES - - Reaction with 2‚4-DNP (Dinitrophenylhydrazine) Positive: Formation of yellow precipitate IODOFORM TEST - Carbonyl compounds: Methyl ketones will give a positive result Postive: Yellow precipitate (CHI3) MOLISCH’S TEST for carbohydrates - TOLLEN’S TEST – for aldehydes
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Carboxylation of arenes via Grignard 4 Properties of: Amines (pkAs and resonance structures for aromatic and aliphatic molecules)‚ amides (sp2 hybridized by amide bonds)‚ anilines (aromatic amines) Structure of: Sugars (linear (oxidized to acyl group) and ring‚ polymerzation through the anomeric carbon‚ mutarotation‚ Fisher projections)‚ Steroids‚ amino acids (match names to structures‚ Fisher projections) Reactions: Aromatic nitro group rdxn to amine (rxn only)‚ Diazonium salt preparation and rxn
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Classification for Functional Groups Alcohols Lucas test (Differentiates primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary alcohols) Reagent: ZnCl2 in conc. HCl Observation: Rate of reaction (tertiary alcohol> secondary alcohol> primary alcohol) Procedure: 2mL Lucas Reagent in test tube+ 3-4 drops of alcohol‚ stopper‚ shake vigorously‚ NOTE time required (less than 10m mins only) to form an emulsion or separate layers. Oxidation (Confirms if alcohol is oxidizable: presence of H in C-OH bond) Reagent:
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D1: Pharmaceutical drugs D.1.1 List the effects of medicines and drugs on the functioning of the body. Drug or medicine is a substance that does one or more of the following: Alters physiological state – consciousness‚ activity level‚ coordination Alters incoming sensory experience Alters mood or emotion The active ingredients in drugs and medicines can be isolated from a plants and animals or synthesized artificially. Drugs supposed to assist human body’s
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Haylee McHale February 3‚ 2013 Organic Chemistry Lab 226 Section 6 Techniques Lab 1. % Recovery= grams recovered compoundgrams crude compound X 100 % Recovery= 0.040 grams0.256 grams X 100 % Recovery= 0.16 x 100=16% There are many reasons why the percent recovery is much less than 100%. For example‚ one source of error may have been that the separatory funnel containing the acidified phenylalanine and ethyl acetate may not have separated well enough after being shaken together in the
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Title: Acetanilide Synthesis Objective: To synthesize Acetanilide by recrystallization. To check its purity by calculating its percent yield. Introduction: Aniline is a primary aromatic amine and weak base which forms salts with mineral acids. In acidic solution‚ nitrous acid converts aniline into a diazonium salt that is an intermediate in the preparation of a great number of dyes and other organic compounds of commercial interest. When aniline is heated
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INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS Barbara H. Stuart University of Technology‚ Sydney‚ Australia 72 Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications hydrocarbons appear in the 3000–2800 cm−1 range and the C–H stretching bands of methyl groups and methylene groups are readily differentiated. For methyl groups‚ asymmetric C–H stretching occurs at 2870 cm−1 ‚ while symmetric C–H stretching occurs at 2960 cm−1 . By comparison‚ methylene groups show asymmetric stretching at 2930
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(C6H5NH2) + acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) Acetanilide (C8H9NO) + acetic acid (C2H4O2) Results and Discussion: Amines can be treated (Acylated‚ adding a Carbonyl and losing a proton) using Acetic Anhydride as a source of an “Acyl” group to form an Amide. The Synthesis of Acetanilide (an Amide) through a Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (addition / elimination) reaction between Aniline (an Amine) is acting as the Nucleophile and an Acyl group from Acetic Anhydride acting as the Electrophile. The Mechanism:
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difference lies in the group that is placed after the unified functional group called a penam. The penam is a characteristic feature of the Penicillin family of drugs. A penam group contains a ketone with one R group consisting of a secondary amine. This secondary amine bridges the ketone to the Beta-lactam ring that is a four membered ring with nitrogen bonded to a carbonyl group. That ring is attached to another ring that is considered a cyclopentyl-thioether that is a cyclic ether with a sulfur atom
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one inorganic among the unknowns. In order to have a strong background about the solubility test‚ we first classify organic compounds of known functional group using the said test. Butyl bromide‚ ethanol sucrose‚ butyraldehyde‚ ethanoic acid‚ methyl amine‚ nitrophenol‚ diethyl ether‚ benzoic acid and propanone were used. It is found out that they are class X‚ Sn‚ S‚ N‚ Sa‚ Sb‚ S‚ N‚ A1 and Sn‚ respectively. We use water‚ ether‚ HCl‚ NaOH‚ NaHCO3‚ H2SO4‚ litmus paper‚ and phenolphthalein in classifying
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