Chem 31.1 Post Lab 3 CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND CARBOHYDRATES HYDROLYSIS OF POLYSACCHARIDES - - Susceptible to both nucleophiles and electrophiles Presence of C=O TEST FOR ALDEHYDES AND KETONES - - Reaction with 2‚4-DNP (Dinitrophenylhydrazine) Positive: Formation of yellow precipitate IODOFORM TEST - Carbonyl compounds: Methyl ketones will give a positive result Postive: Yellow precipitate (CHI3) MOLISCH’S TEST for carbohydrates - TOLLEN’S TEST – for aldehydes
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naturally occurring penicillins have now been isolated‚ and numerous derivatives of these substances have been synthetically produced. All have structures containing a four-membered β-lactam ring (4 membered cyclic amide) fused with a five-membered thiozolidine ring. The carbon atom of the amide on the β-lactam ring can be bonded to any substituent‚ called the ’R-group’. Penicillins as well as cephalosporins are called beta-lactam antibiotics and are characterized by three fundamental structural requirements:
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reductive amination (rxn only)‚ ketal/acetal formation‚ dithiane chemistry (rxn only)‚ alpha-bromination of ketones‚ -COOH properties (the trends on HW4)‚ Fischer‚ acidic/basic hydrolysis of esters/amides/nitriles‚ CH2N2‚ acid chloride formation (rxn only)‚ acid chloride rxns with esters and amides. 2 Rxn of carboxyllic acid derivatives w/organometallic reagents‚ Cuprate preparation and rxn‚ Reduction of carboxyllic acid derivatives‚ basic/acidic aldol rxn (dimerization‚ cross aldol‚ selective
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that point. Alternatively‚ you could use this book to derive questions which yourself or other people could test you on! The choice is yours! Hope this helps. THE CHEMICAL IDEAS IN THIS UNIT: • Condensation polymers • Amines and Amides • Factors affecting the properties of Polymers • Disposal of Polymers A) Explain the term Electronegativity‚ recall qualitatively the electronegativity trends in the periodic table; use relative electronegativity values to predict
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D1: Pharmaceutical drugs D.1.1 List the effects of medicines and drugs on the functioning of the body. Drug or medicine is a substance that does one or more of the following: Alters physiological state – consciousness‚ activity level‚ coordination Alters incoming sensory experience Alters mood or emotion The active ingredients in drugs and medicines can be isolated from a plants and animals or synthesized artificially. Drugs supposed to assist human body’s
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Physical properties of organic compound Low boiling point group: alkane‚ alkene‚ alkyne and ether Boiling point is the exact temperature that the state of compound change from liquid to gas‚ which need to break the intermolecular forces. The stronger the intermolecular forces‚ the higher the boiling point. Since straight chain alkane‚ alkene and alkyne only experience dispersion forces‚ the compound with more carbons have higher boiling point as more carbons contribute more forces. Branched
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Amines are aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of ammonia. Amines‚ like ammonia‚ are weak bases (Kb = 10−4 to 10−6). This basicity is due to the unshared electron pair on the nitrogen atom. Classification and nomenclature of amines Amines are classified as primary‚ secondary‚ or tertiary based upon the number of carbon-containing groups that are attached to the nitrogen atom. Those amine compounds that have only one group attached to the nitrogen atom are primary‚ while those with two or three
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------------------------------------------------- Abstract Carboxylic acid derivatives namely‚ acyl halides‚ acid anhydrides‚ esters and amides were classified through different reactivity tests. The samples used were acetyl chloride for acyl halide group‚ acetic anhydride for acid anhydride group‚ ethyl acetate for ester group‚ acetamide and benzamide for amide group. These derivatives were identified through the mechanism of hydrolysis‚ alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions. Positive results were
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Bonifacio‚ Prince Zero P.Date Performed: October 00‚ 2014 Group No. 1Date Submitted: October 00‚ 2014 Experiment No. 7 Unknown: 2 Compound: Table 6.1Physical Examination State Liquid Odor Smells like adhesive paste Color Pink-orange Flammability Flammable Table 6.2Physical Constant: Melting Point Parameter Experimental Theoretical (From Literature) Melting Point (oC) Trial 1 Trial 2 Average 88 88 86 86 Table 6.3Solubility Test Sample Solubility Solubility Class Water Ether 5% NaOH5%
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CH3 NH – CH3 NANO2 HCl Tertiary amine forms only salt Example (CH3)3 + NaNO2 + HCl → [ ( CH3) NH ] – NO2 + NaCl HCl Reaction with acid halides – Acid halides react with amines to form substituted amides. Example Cl O | CH3NH2 ∥ . . CH3 – CH2 – C = O CH3
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