Altruism and Psychology Adam Barker PSY 490 Capstone Course in Psychology Dennis Plunkett‚ MC‚ CC July 29‚ 2013 Altruism and Psychology The random act of kindness that I completed this week was buying an old man a coffee in front of me at Starbucks. He ordered a Grande Pike with room. I heard the order and said “I’ll get that miss” and without even hesitating handed over my card to pay for the drink. The older man look at me with a cracked smile and confused kind of look before muttering
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Altruism - Concern for the welfare of others. Professional ethics - Document usually created by the profession that provides guidance for the ethical behavior of its members. Bioethics - Deals with the ethical implications of biological research and applications. Distributive justice - Just distribution in society‚ structured by various moral‚ legal‚ and cultural rules and principles. Formal justice - Ethical concern of formal justice is that the criteria are applied equally to all similar cases
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Evaluation of Evolutionary Theory of Altruism And The Role Of Genes-A Modern View Background: Evolutionary theory holds that organisms with the strongest genes for survival and reproduction do‚ in fact‚ survive and reproduce most successfully. They thus multiply their genes most widely‚ spreading the advantageous genes through whole populations. Ceaseless repetitions of the process can gradually transform species into totally new ones. Such a world seems to have no place for self-sacrificing
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Nice guys finish first‚ a chapter title in R. Dawkins ’ revolutionary popular science book the Selfish Gene. Although true altruism can not exist according to the classical theory of natural selection if such an evolutionary protagonist as RD has time for it‚ then there must be a good reason. In fact‚ we see much behaviour in nature that appears altruistic: alarm calling‚ guarding‚ defence and foraging by non-reproductives and grooming are just a few examples. Since work first began on altruistic
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organisms have evolved from kin selection or multilevel selection. The ultimate goal is to see if worker bees can thrive and manage a colony without a queen‚ whether they nurture a new queen or produce fertilized eggs themselves. We hypothesize that the worker bees will either have an increase in reproductive fitness in the absence of the queen bee‚ or they will nurture another queen bee. This would lead us to believe that eusociality may have evolved due to kin selection. Significance and Justification
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Anthropology 005 Problem Set # 4 Comparative method‚ altruism‚ and heritability‚ 1. Let me suggest an idea about the adaptive function of sleep: It did not originally evolve for rest and repair (though those functions may have been layered on later‚ at least in some species). Instead‚ I’ll propose that its primary function is to keep the organism out of harm’s way during phases to which it is poorly adapted. For example‚ day and night can differ dramatically in lighting‚ temperature‚ humidity
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behavior of animals. However‚ “strategy” refers to a set of behaviors occurring in a specific functional context (such as mating‚ parenting‚ or foraging). This led to greater reproductive success in ancestral populations have been favored by natural selection and represent adaptations. Costs and Benefits of some Strategies (+) If they increase the genetic fitness of individuals (-) If they reduce the genetic fitness of individuals B. The Evolution of Reproductive Strategies Primates provide much
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behavior are motivated by altruism. Altruism is helping another person even when there is not an observable benefit or reward in doing that behaviour. It is the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost or danger to the helper. For example‚ when someone donates a sum of money anonymously‚ jumping on a railroad track to help a stranger who has fallen. Altruism is helping purly out of the desire to benefit someone else‚with no benefit to oneself. While all altruisms acts are prosocial‚ not
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unrelated individuals that have proven difficult to explain in terms of kin or reciprocal altruism. One such trait‚ strong reciprocity is a predisposition to cooperate with others and to punish those who violate the norms of cooperation‚ at personal cost‚ even when it is implausible to expect that these costs will be repaid. We present evidence supporting strong reciprocity as a schema for predicting and understanding altruism in humans. We show that under conditions plausibly characteristic of
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Kin Selection vs. Multilevel Selection In The Social Conquest of Earth by Edward Wilson‚ he argues that kin selection is not a valid theory and proposes a better theory called multilevel selection. This has been seen as a controversial proposal because for generations previous to multilevel selection‚ kin selection was the standard explanation of evolution. Through the use of various examples‚ Wilson makes a convincing pro-multilevel-selection argument. Kin Selection‚ also known as inclusive fitness
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