placed between the two BS 5400 results‚ or close to the lower values. The Eurocode 2 results were usually reasonably close to the mean of the other results. The CEB-FIP-1990 results were consistently the lowest for high steel stresses and high concrete cover values. Results with varying spacing were close to Eurocode 2 results. The ACI 318 results were consistently the highest‚ being close to and
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Engineering B45 Concrete Lab Report Introduction: Concrete is a mixture of sand and rock or similar inert material (aggregates) held together by a cementing material. Usually the cementing material is Portland cement‚ but sometimes binders such as asphalt or gypsum are used‚ in which case the concrete may be called asphaltic concrete or gypsum concrete. Properties of concrete are governed not only by the properties of its ingredients (cement‚ water‚ sand‚ and coarse aggregate) but also‚ to a great
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MECHANICAL COMPACTION OF CONCRETE: A GOVERENING FACTOR FOR DURABILITY AND SERVICEABILITY OF THE CONCRETE Ranchhod Mata1‚ Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda2‚ Prof. J. J. Bhavsar3 1Student of first year M.E (C.E & M)‚ B.V.M Engineering College‚ Vallabh Vidyanagar 2Assistant Professor and Research Scholar‚ Civil Engineering Department‚ B.V.M. Engineering College‚ Vallabh Vidyanagar-Gujarat-India 3Associate Professor and PG Coordinator (M.E C E & M)‚ Civil Engineering Department‚ B.V.M. Engineering College
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single-dwelling occupancies D. impact-resistant gypsum board is easily differentiated from regular gypsum board 7. Which of the following is MOST likely to contribute to rapid structural failure in a wood-frame dwelling? A. gypsum board interior walls B. concrete basement floor C. plywood subfloor covered with carpet D.
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introduction of concrete as a construction medium and the true arch as a structural component made it possible for the Romans to build strong‚ elaborate‚ expansive structures that would endure the test of time. Concrete Roman concrete‚ called opus caementicium‚ was made by mixing traditional lime mortar with stone aggregate called caementa. This material used less water and was very thick compared to modern concrete; therefore it was laid rather than poured (Roman Architecture‚ n.d.). Concrete was an important
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1. INTRODUCTION Concrete is a widely used building material‚ many concrete pavements such as bridge deck‚ highway pavements and airfield runways are constructed all over the world‚ due to its superior properties such as high strength‚ good stability‚ abrasion resistance and anti-slippage. However‚ concrete is a poor electrical conductor‚ especially under dry conditions. Concrete that is excellent in both mechanical and electrical conductivity properties may have important applications in the electrical
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SEMESTER 2 ( JUN 2013 ) CC203-CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY AHLI KUMPULAN NAMA TAJUK CONCRETE MATERIALS AND MIXTURE NAMA PENSYARAH KELAS CONTENT PAGES INTRODUCTION 1 BASIC PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE 2-5 BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF CEMENT 6-9 STORAGE METHODS OF CEMENT 10-12 FINE AGGREGATES AND COARSE AGGREGATES 13-14 PROPERTIES OF WATER USED IN CONCRETE MIXTURE 15-19 BASIC CONCEPT OF CONCRETE MIX 20 FRESH CONCRETE 21-23 ROLE OF ADDITIVES IN CONCRETE MIXTURE 24-25 CONCLUSION
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7166M01.qxd_lb 6/3/09 09:38 AM Page 1 1 BASIC CONCEPTS 1.1 INTRODUCTION Concrete is strong in compression‚ but weak in tension: its tensile strength varies from 8 to 14 percent of its compressive strength. Due to such a low tensile capacity‚ flexural cracks develop at early stages of loading. In order to reduce or prevent such cracks from developing‚ a concentric or eccentric force is imposed in the longitudinal direction of the structural element. This force prevents the cracks
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VSL FLOATING CONCRETE STRUCTURES EXAMPLES FROM PRACTICE SECOND PRINTING JULY 1992 VSL INTERNATIONAL LTD. Berne / switzerland Table of contents Page 1 Preface 1. Introduction 1 2. VSL Systems and Service Range 4 2.1. 2.1.1. 2.1.2. 2.1.3. 2.1.4. 2.1.5. 2.2. VSL Systems Introduction VSL Post-tensioning VSL Slipforming VSL Heavy Lifting Other VSL Systems Services offered by VSL 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 3. Examples from Practice 7 3.1. Introduction 7 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.2.5.
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Airline Alliances an Analysis Introduction: Liberalisation of the Airline Market now allows carriers to engage in alliances to form more powerful synergy’s and capture a larger share of the market. Since the introduction of The Airline Deregulation Act in 1978 in North America and similar acts worldwide the aviation industry has become one of the fastest growing industries. The main objective of this was to allow the market place to influence the development of airlines. The main development from
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