Nucleotide - what makes up one? What is it’s general structure? Mendel- basic concept of heredity‚ punett squares‚ genotype vs. phenotype‚ homozygous‚ heterozygous‚ what is an allele‚ dominant allele recessive allele Two general classes of genetics and what makes up each one Relationship of a gene to locus to allele to chromosome What organisms do we do research on? Why? Eukaryotes? Prokaryotes? Basically all definitions in bold print CH 2 Timeline of the search of genetic material- all
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chromosome 7 at q31.2. For CF to be expressed‚ a faulty copy of the gene must be present at both alleles; autosomal recessive. Therefore both parents must be carriers of‚ or affected by the cystic fibrosis gene (fig. 1) for the gene to be passed on. If a person has one copy of the faulty allele (are heterozygous) they are carriers of the gene and can pass this allele on; if they possess two copies of the faulty allele (are homozygous)‚ they will have CF. People who have CF must consider that their children
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Lab manual/results/online article condensed notes Lab 1 · DNA is made up of deoxyribonucelotides · Components of DNA/RNA includes a 5 carbon sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base · the negative charge associated with DNA/RNA is due to the phosphate groups · DNA is linked together by phosphodiester bonds (they are covalent bonds) · the energy required to create these bonds is from the cleavage of pyrophosphate‚ refer to figure 1.3 on page 4 and below. ·
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Evolution and Classification Test Darwin/Lamarck Darwin’s observations: Usually the numbers of offspring produced are far greater than the ones that survive Natural resources are limited. This leads to a struggle for existence with only a fraction of offspring surviving to the next generation Slight variations (mutations) occur by chance within a population These variations are inheritable Darwin concluded that living organisms were evolving through
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synthesis. Alleles are alternative forms of a gene and genotype refer to a specific allele like hair color‚ height‚ skin tone‚ etc. These observable traits are the phenotype. Phenotype is the resulting characteristic of an encoded genotype; it is what we can see‚ it’s the physical appearance of an organism. Genotype defines what will be the phenotype. 1Say for example‚ eye color. This is controlled by a single gene‚ but with several alleles. Example: Phenotype Genotype; Allele Dominant Trait-
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more melanin than light-skinned individuals. At least three genes regulate the amount of melanin produced. Each gene has two forms: dark-skin allele (A‚ B‚ and C) and light-skin allele (a‚ b‚ and c). Neither allele is completely dominant to the other‚ and heterozygotes exhibit an intermediate phenotype (incomplete dominance). Each dark-skin allele in the genotype adds pigment by increasing melanin production. There are seven different shades of skin color ranging from very light (aabbcc) to
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1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the - Activation energy 2) The process of influencing the chemical bonds in a way that lowers the ___ needed to speed up a chemical reaction is called catalysis -activation energy 3) protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an orgranism are called 4) Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in -electrons 5) the specificity of an enzyme is due to its activite
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Introduction - sickle cell anemia The first suggestion that genes might provide the information for all proteins came from Linus Pauling’s lab at Caltech. He and his student Harvey Itano studied hemoglobin‚ the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lung to metabolically active tissues‚ like muscle‚ where it is needed. In particular‚ they focused on the hemoglobin of people with sickle-cell disease‚ also known as sickle-cell anemia‚ a genetic disorder common in Africans‚ and
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Imagine you are at a family wedding reception where there is alcohol being served. As the night progresses you notice your Uncle Bob frequenting the bar in the corner of the room for nearly one drink after another. He is reaching his limit for liquor he can handle‚ and you notice him acting increasingly disoriented‚ obnoxious‚ and tipsy. The rest of your family watches him as he virtually makes a fool out of himself and comments about him fill the room. "He has always been drinking way too much since
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Mendel on Patterns of Inheritance Mendel was the first to see that traits in each person were passed down‚ not just from the parents‚ but also from grandparents‚ great-grandparents‚ great-great-grandparents‚ etc. He also figured out that not every person is the same as his or her own parents. Some of these traits can come from other family members that are no longer living. Mendel is the first to also describe these traits as passages through the generations. There are at least three reasons
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