base sequence of the gene determines the Amino acid sequence and so in turn will determine the proteins/enzymes made that will eventually determine what we look like (our Phenotype). Mutations in the DNA base sequence can produce new alleles of genes. Alleles are different forms of the same gene e.g. they both code for hair colour but one codes for brown hair and the other codes for blonde hair. Which is part of the reason there is variation in appearance. Meiosis is the process that is used
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population size Bottle neck effect Populations are reduced to a small size and recover Unlikely to be represent ice of original population Allele frequencies change Founder effect Like bottleneck but population grows Results in revolution Migration of induviduals between populations potentially introduces new alleles in a population or alters existing allele frequencies Artificial selection Non random mating Recombination leads to genetics material being shuffles this along with sexual reproduction
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International Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2013; 1(1): 1-5 Published online November 10‚ 2013 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijgg) doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20130101.11 Monohybrid Mendelian segregation in an interspecific hybrid population of tetraploid x diploid Coffea species- part 2 Anil Kumar1‚ 2‚ Subbugan Ganesh2‚ M. K. Mishra3 1 Regional Coffee Research Station‚ Coffee Board‚ Narsipatnam‚ Visakhapatnam District‚ Andhra Pradesh‚ India Faculty of Agriculture and Animal husbandry‚ Gandhigram
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Lecture #2 Monday‚ January 27‚ 2014 9:16 AM E-mail: Ssukhdeo@aesap.rutgers.edu • Evolution - inherited changed over time. 1.) Inherited --> talking about something that is passed down into the next generation => offspring. DNA …..CCTTAAGG….. …..GGAATTCC…….. 3 Billion pairs DNA = Deoxyribo nucleic Acid 4 building blocks Cytosine = C A-T;C-G Thymihe = H Adenine = A Gnanine = G 1.) Genes - Discrete hereditary unit composed of specific nucleotide sequence in DNA - Evolution
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Evolution: descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones. Biology: the scientific study of life. Emergent properties: new properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life‚ owing to the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases. Systems biology: an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the
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disappear. • Cytokenesis II - cell divides along the equator‚ nuclei begin to reform‚ creating 4 daughter haploid cells. 10.1.4 STATE MENDEL’S LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT This principle states that the alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed. These allele pairs are then randomly united at fertilization. 10.1.5 EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENDEL’S LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT AND MEIOSIS During metaphase I of meiosis the homologous pairs of chromosomes align
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[BIOLOGY UNIT 2 REVISION NOTES] EXAM 12th Jan 09 @ 9am Cells s u f f i d s i s o m s o • i • • o • All animals and plants are made of cells. Animal cells and plant cells have features in common‚ such as a nucleus‚ cytoplasm‚ cell membrane‚ mitochondria and ribosomes. Plant cells also have a cell wall‚ and often have chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole. Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function. Dissolved substances
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8m long but is located in the nucleus which is only 10um in diameter! 4.1.2 Define gene‚ allele and genome. (1) Define means to give the precise meaning of a word‚ phrase or physical quantity. Gene:a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic. Allele: one specific form of a gene‚ differing form other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of that gene. Genome: the whole genetic information of the organism. 4.1.3 Define gene mutation
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Thursday January 17 Mastering biology course id=MBPOLLACK01639 Life first appeared on earth about 4 billion years ago Origin of life is a hypothesis not a theory Very little oxygen in early earths atmosphere Spontaneous generation of life- random formation of life Millions of species on earth‚ up to 100 million the expirement of miller and urey showed what? test question a few centuries ago: people thought that new living things appeared all of the time(spontaneous generation of life)
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chloroplast The inheritance pattern in which the mother provides gene products to the developing egg cells is called - maternal effects. If a testcross for two different traits produces more nonrecombinant than recombinant offspring‚ then the alleles for the two traits - are on the same chromosome. An
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