Synthesis of Cyclohexanol Author: Ahmed Ayyash 06/06/13 Introduction: In this experiment‚ cyclohexanol was prepared from an initial cyclohexene. However‚ this occurred over a number of steps‚ these are out lined below. 1. Cyclohexene + aqueous acid cyclohexyl cation 2. cyclohexyl cation + hydrogen sulphate + water protonated cyclohexanol + cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate 3. cyclohexyl hydrogen sulphate protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4 4. protonated cyclohexanol + HSO4 ⇄
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Preparation u Alcohols when heated in presence of H2SO4‚ H3PO4‚ P2O5‚ Al2O3 or BF3 undergo loss of water molecule with the formation of alkene. Conc. H2SO4 180oC H3PO4/P2O5 200oC Al2O3/BF3 350oC CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2-CH2-OH CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O u u Mechanism: In the first step OH group of the alcohol is protonated in a fast reversible reaction. Unlike OH group‚ protonated OH group is a good leaving group. Step 1: CH3 CH3-C-CH3 + H+ HO CH3 CH3-C-CH3 H2O+
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PREPARING CYCLOHEXENE FROM CYCLOHEXANOL INTRODUCTION Alkenes can be prepared in the lab by dehydrating the corresponding alcohol. Concentrated sulphuric and phosphoric acids both act as dehydrating agents. Phosphoric acid is preferred because it gives a higher yield of the alkene. Concentrated H2SO4 reacts with alkenes. SAFETY Eye protection must be worn. Concentrated phosphoric acid is corrosive. Mop up spillages immediately with plenty of water. Cyclohexene and cyclohexanol are highly
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Characterization of Alkene Balacanao‚ Gladys A.1‚ Miranda‚ MarilynI2 1 Student (s)‚ Subject/Section‚ School of Chemical Engineering‚ Chemistry and Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology; 2 Professor‚ School of Chemical Engineering‚ Chemistry and Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology [pic] ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment is to prepare cyclohexene form cyclohexanol‚ and know the properties of alkene. The first part of this experiment is preparation of cyclohexene. Simple distillation
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Alcohol advertisements should be banned from TV Alcohol Advertisements is the promotion of alcohol beverages by alcohol producers through ads on TV and also in a variety of media. It is one of the most famous forms of marketing and it is one of the major businesses in today’s economy. The question is why alcohol advertisements should be banned from TV? One might say that children or young audience influence from observing parents’ behaviour and they are the significant role models to follow in
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Oxidation of Cyclohexanol Introduction: The oxidation of cyclohexanol involves using household bleach to oxidize this secondary alcohol and produce a ketone product‚ cyclohexanone. Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions occur when the oxidation state of atoms change due to a transfer of electrons. Oxidation occurs when electrons are ‘lost’ to the formation of bonds and reduction occurs when electrons are ‘gained’ in the braking of bonds (Levine). Using this reaction and its product‚ a redox experiment
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The Cyclohexanol Cycle and Nylon Synthesis Samantha Stuckey CHE 233L Section 302 Department of Chemistry‚ DePaul University‚ 1110 W. Belden Avenue‚ Chicago‚ IL 60614 smstuckey@comcast.net May 8th‚ 2013 Abstract The first three labs of this organic chemistry experiment involved carrying out the first three parts of the Cyclohexanol Cycle. The cyclohexanol was first converted to cyclohexene and water by simple distillation (product: 6.5395g‚ 79.75% recovery). The cyclohexene then underwent a bromination
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Comparing alkanes and alkenes Aim: Is cyclohexane more or less reactive than cyclohexene in the presence or absence of light Hypothesis The cyclohexene will reactive the fastest because being an "ene" it has a electron rich area making it more reactive than cyclohexane but neither one of the will react without light Materials * 4x 250ml conical flasks * 2 rubber stoppers * Aluminium foil * Cyclohexane * Cyclohexene * Bromide water * Measuring cylinder
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then vaporized in a thermosyphon reboiler utilizing the heat contained in the reaction products. The vapor‚ which has entrained liquid is removed from the knock out drum‚ and then heated to reaction temperature using flue gas. COLD FEED PREHEATER:Total feed = 23412.14+2605.77 kg = 26017.91 kg 26017.91 kg per hour of 2-butanol is to be preheated from 250C it boiling point 107.50C. Heat load on preheater‚ Q = 26017.91 x 1.497(380.5 – 288) = 3.603 x 106 KJ The heating medium is used is dry saturated
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summary: 1. Demand of Fatty Alcohol 2. Exporter and market 3. Where is the opportunity 4. Process Description ( Briefly touch) 5. Economical Feasibility Study 6. Environment‚ People‚ Surrounding‚ Reputation Oleochemicals is the trend! (replacement of petrochemicals) Recently‚ due to the relentlessly climbing price of crude oil prices‚ the major oleochemical producers from natural resources had been enjoying the recent onward surge in global natural fatty alcohol demand. Foresee the crude oil
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