IntroductionA dehydration reaction of an alcohol results in an alkene. This type of reaction requires an alcohol‚ an acid catalyst and heat. Generally strong concentrated acids‚ like sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid‚ are used as the acid catalyst.The acid catalyst protonates the alcohol‚ to make a much better leaving group. Weakest bases make the best leaving groups‚ so once the alcohol is protonated the leaving group leaves and produces in a carbocation and water. In order to form the double bond
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The Physical Effects of Alcohol on the Body Alcoholism is a disease which‚ in many cases‚ appears to be a genetically transmitted biochemical defect. However‚ in other instances‚ it appears to be caused by overwhelming bombardment of the physiology of the body by repeated episodes of heavy drinking resulting in the incapacity to handle alcohol normally. Psychological and/or social pressures may aggravate the disease. It is characterized by a typical progression of drinking behavior that requires
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The Precogs’ Dehumanization In Minority Report and "The Minority Report” How we define human‚ subhuman and superhuman is complex‚ with many intricacies and unknowns. The relationship between them‚ regarding the Precogs in The Minority Report short story as well as the film‚ is complex between these two forms of dehumanization and humanization. For those unfamiliar with the works‚ the three Precogs are collectively‚ literally‚ the human engine which enables Precrime to exist. In both works‚
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LAB: Comparison of Reactions for Three Isomers of Butanol /23 TI /21 C /6 A Name: /50 MARKS Background: The reactivity of alcohols can be accounted for by their molecular structure – particularly by the attachment of their hydroxyl functional group. The isomers of butanol are used as examples of 1°‚2° and 3° alcohols to examine this relationship. Each of the three isomers of butanol will be mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The presence of an alkyl halide product is
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Borohydride Reduction of 2-Methylcyclohexanone Introduction: When learning about reduction reactions‚ we know that the addition of nucleophilic hydride anion (H-) to the carbonyl group will in turn result in the reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols. Borohydride‚ and Lithuim aluminum hydride are commonly used as reducing agents. We can note that both of these reagents have a (H-) anion‚ hence it will be a powerful base and also take the role of being the nucleophile. For the experiment sodium
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What is fetal alcohol syndrome? Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a congenital syndrome caused by excessive consumption of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy‚ characterized by retardation of mental development and of physical growth‚ particularly of the skull and face of the infant. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20021015. Some Children with fetal alcohol syndrome will be able to make easy decisions affected towards other people. Because of
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Keys‚ V. A. (2011). Alcohol withdrawal during hospitalization. American Journal of Nursing‚ 111(1)‚ 40-44. Summary The purpose of this article was to inform nurses about the possibility of patients’ unplanned alcohol withdrawal during hospitalization. When chronic drinkers are forced to abstain from consuming alcohol due to hospitalization‚ they may experience symptoms related to alcohol withdrawal. It is important for nurses to recognize the possible origin of these symptoms in order
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from the starting materials by means of the boiling point discrepancy between the isolated alkene (101-102C) and the starting alcohol (171-173C). After the distillate is collected any impurities of water and phosphoric acid can be extracted by adding sodium chloride‚ drying the resulting organic layer with an anhydrous solid‚ and filtration. IR of both the starting alcohol and the resulting alkene can be compared as a means of identification and characterization as well as a Br2
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There are several positive and negative effects of alcohol. Most of the negative effects come from over consumption of alcohol. How much effect alcohol has on someone depends on a lot of factors. Different people react differently to alcoholic beverages. Some people have higher tolerances for different types of alcohol than others. For example‚ one person might be able to drink a lot of hard liquor but might feel the same effect of being drunk from only a few beers‚ while others may have the opposite
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Chronic Consumption of Ethanol Alcohol and Neurological Dysfunction Ethanol Alcohol‚ commonly known as Alcohol is the primary mood altering drug used in the United States of America. When alcohol is consumed it is absorbed unaltered by the stomach and the small intestines. Then the ethanol molecules are distributed evenly to all of the tissues and fluids of the body. The alcohol present in the bloodstream is metabolized by the liver through three pathways. The major pathway involves an enzyme
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