Core WTO Agreements: Trade in Goods and Services and Intellectual Property Arvind Panagariya Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Trade in Goods 2 2.1 The Most favored Nation Principle 5 2.2 National Treatment 7 2.3 Tariffs 9 2.4 Customs Procedures 10 2.5 Quantitative Restrictions 11 2.6 Subsidies 12 2.7 Anti-dumping 16 2.8 Safeguards: Emergency Protection 19 2.9 Trade Related Investment Measures 22 2.10 State Trading 23 2.11 Preferential Trade Areas 24 2.12 Non-application
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Multicultural Trade Negotiations brought the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 1 January 1995. According to Article III.3 of the WTO Agreement‚ dispute settlement is one of the key functions of the WTO‚ The rules of the mechanism are laid down in detail in the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes in short: (Dispute Settlement Understanding; DSU) in Annex 2 of the WTO Agreement. The DSU has both incorporated the inherited concept of GATT Dispute settlement
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Decade of China’s membership to WTO – revision of hopes and expectations 1. WTO uprising The World Trade Organization (WTO) was commenced on 1st January 1995 replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Firstly‚ we have to go back to year 1994 when John Maynard Keynes during Bretton Wood conference had presented his statement about restructuring international finance and currency relations. Both Keynes and Harry White (American mister of state in U.S. treasury) believed
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its aims and objectives Aims and objectives are the `ends` that an organisation seeks to achieve. It then has to decide the means it will use to achieve those ends. Aims- facilitate mobility‚ long term performances. Objectives- markets and customers‚ employees‚ economic performances‚ environmental policy and product/manufacturing. These provide guidance for management actions. Most organisations have general or overall aims which they can break down into specific objectives and aims. If
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the Uruguay Round of global trade talks‚ the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a powerful global commerce agency that transformed and expanded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) into an enforceable global commerce code. Stated Aim To promote free trade and stimulate economic growth. The actions‚ method‚ and fundamentalism‚ of the World Trade Organization evokes strong antipathies. Among other things‚ the WTO is accused of widening the sociological gap between rich and poor it claims
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The ESSAY on topic : “Sources of WTO Law” By Julia Tkachenko The discussions of the sources of international law usually begin with a reference to Article 38 (1) of the Statute of International Court of Justice. The discussion of WTO sources shall not be an exception. It is also based on such an article‚ but is characterized in more specialistic narrow way. WTO law sources include: 1)WTO Agreements; 2)International custom; 3)The general principles of law; 4)Judical decisions (the reports
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Assignment 1; Understand the Purpose and Ownership of Business Task 1 Design a guide for businesses that defines aims and objectives in different sectors. Aim – it is a long term target to achieve something. It is an action of directing something at an object. Object – it is a short term target which helps achieve the aim. It is often linked to the aim. SMART objectives: S - Specific - There is a clear definition‚ containing a number where possible M - Measurable - This
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2.1 About WTO World Trade Organization (WTO)‚ international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has the authority to administer and police new and existing free trade agreements‚ to oversee world trade practices‚ and to settle trade disputes among member states. The WTO was established in 1994 when the members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)‚ a treaty and international trade organization‚ signed a new trade
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O-30 (2003) full size 12/8/03 10:13 PM Page 1 CALIPERS How to Read Vernier Calipers Fractional Reading Vernier Scale. 1/16" on the main beam is subdivided into eight or to 1/128". Because of .300" inside jaw thickness‚ the vernier is placed .300" off from zero point. Position of the vernier plate can be readjusted. 1/16" Graduations on the main beam. Decimal Reading Vernier Scale. 1/40th of an inch is subdivided into 25 by the vernier to read to onethousandth
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selected business meets its aims and objectives. I am going to assess whether the business I chose is able to meet their aims and objectives. Tesco’s aims and objectives are the following: 1. To maximise sales by 10% at the end of this year. 2. To become the largest retailers throughout the UK 3. Expand their business have a office in European and worldwide 4. To provide a good service that it cheap and affordable to the consumers by the end of March. Tesco’s main aim is to stay the leading
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