Allie measured her foot and it was 21cm long‚ and then she measured her Mother’s foot‚ and it was 24cm long. "I must have big feet‚ my foot is nearly as long as my Mom’s!" But then she thought to measure heights‚ and found she is 133cm tall‚ and her Mom is 152cm tall. In a table this is: Allie Mom Length of Foot: 21cm 24cm Height: 133cm 152cm The "foot-to-height" ratio in fraction style is: Allie: 21 133 Mom: 24 152 So the ratio for Allie is 21 : 133 By dividing both values by 7 we get 21/7
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29) All of the following features may be characteristic of preferred stock EXCEPT A) callable. B) no maturity date. C) tax-deductible dividends. D) convertible. Answer: c If a firm has class A and class B common stock outstanding‚ it means that A) each class receives a different dividend. B) the par value of each class is different. C) the dividend paid to one of the classes is tax deductible by the corporation
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institutions such as banks deals in short term loan in different forms such as treasury bills and commercial bills. Short term loan means the duration of maturity is of one year or less than that. We need to be clear that equity instrument i.e common or preferred stocks both are not traded in money market. Similarly‚ we need to keep one thing in mind that money market is a intangible market where we deal over the phone or company‚ we just don’t enter the building of a company. Likewise‚ Capital market refers
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company may issue both stocks and bonds which can be a sign of the company’s financial standing in a market. Since investors are risk averse and they would not like to put their money on stocks and bonds of a struggling company‚ but they would like to put their money on stocks and bonds of a stable and a progressing company. Investors benefit from company’s profit in the form of dividend when they buy a company’s stocks and investors can get higher or lower yield based on the bonds. This is the rationale
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securities are stocks and bonds. Though they have some similarities to each other‚ they differ greatly in many aspects. Broadly speaking‚ both financial instruments enable one to invest in corporations‚ public and/or private‚ with possible profitable returns in the future. Stocks (or shares)‚ by definition‚ are shares of ownership in a company. By purchasing stocks in a company‚ the investor becomes a part owner‚ and thereby owns a percentage share of the company’s after tax profits. Stocks/shares have
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Financing thru Stocks Stocks are the owned capital of a business and that it is considered a permanent investment. Stockholders are people who invest in stocks and their ownership in the corporation is evidenced by a stock certificate. Stocks may be obtained thru: * Subscription * Purchase * Issuance of stock dividends Almost all of the initial capital of the corporation including a large segment of the future capital comes from the sale of stock. Stock Financing * Refers
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VARIABLE-RATE PREFERRED STOCK Preferred stock has frequently been issued in connection with mergers and acquisitions. Often the preferred stock is issued with a conversion feature‚ so in the long run there is a probability it will become common stock capital. Preferred stock allows the acquired firm’s owners a prior claim relative to common stock and reasonably definite dividends while simultaneously giving the acquiring firm a form of leverage without strapping it with the rigid obligations of
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through a bond issue. A lot of disagreement was made by several company directors that instead wanted the firm to issue common stock. In the end‚ the argument is about whether to raise debt or equity. What are the annual cash expenses associated with the (a) bond issue? (b) common stock issue? Analysis of issuing stock The cost of issuing stock is lower than bond. The bond has a principal repayment of an additional $6.25 million cash expenses annually and that is over 9% of the bond issue.
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Stocks versus Bonds: Explaining the Equity Risk Premium Clifford S. Asness From the 19th century through the mid-20th century‚ the dividend yield (dividends/price) and earnings yield (earnings/price) on stocks generally exceeded the yield on long-term U.S. government bonds‚ usually by a substantial margin. Since the mid-20th century‚ however‚ the situation has radically changed. In addressing this situation‚ I argue that the difference between stock yields and bond yields is driven by the long-run
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___________________________________________________________ Stocks have historically had much higher returns than bonds. Can these excess returns be justified by the higher risk attached to stocks‚ or are there alternative explanations? The following is an abbreviated history of studies and models that articulate the logic of stock returns; included are both support for and alternatives to the equity risk premium. Edgar Lawrence Smith’s 1924 book Common Stocks as Long Term Investments […] was immediately
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