contraction of you are) they their (not they’re‚ a contraction of they are) who whose (not who’s‚ a contraction of who is) Other Common Errors everyday (adjective) vs. every day (noun) lead (present tense) vs. led (past tense) irregardless is not a word‚ don’t use it then (adverb) vs. than (conjunction) lose (verb) vs. loose (mainly an adjective) data is the plural of datum e.g.‚ (for example) vs. i.e.‚ (that is) "This applies to universities in the DC Metro Area (e.g.‚ The Johns Hopkins
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……………………………………………………8 2. Pronoun……………………………………………………………………………………………….13 3. Adjective…………………………………………………………………..…………………………15 4. Verb ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…….17 5. Adverb ……………………………………………………………………………………………….20 6. Preposition …………………………………………………………………………………………21 7. Conjunction..………………………………………………………………………………..……23 8. Interjection..…………………………………………………………………………….………..25 9. Subject‚ Object & Predicate ………………………………………………………………26 10. Phrases & Clauses ………………………………………………………..…………………28 11. Verbals – Gerunds‚
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ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR · Subjects and predicates Large doses of alcohol act as a depressant. doses - A simple subject is the single noun or pronoun which identifies what the sentence is about or produces the action of the sentence act - The simple predicate is the main sentence verb · Types of nouns A noun identifies a person‚ place‚ thing‚ or idea. Nouns are introduced with definite or indefinite articles‚ or with a limiting word (like a number‚ a demonstrative pronoun‚ or a relative pronoun)
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way: it could start with a Connecting Word and contain no Main Clause (a clause that could stand alone as a sentence as is‚ with its own subject and verb): Because‚ which Because and which are connecting words. These are also known as Subordinators‚ because they turn the clauses they are attached to into Subordinate Clauses‚ which cannot stand by themselves. To fix this sort of fragment‚ you either need to attach it to a main clause or‚drop the connecting word 3)The GMAT hides the subject
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words but that sentences can be made up of one or more clauses‚ syntactic units that we are fully‚ if unconsciously aware of. But also in this chapter we will explore a specific aspect of our intuitive knowledge of syntax‚ in particular your knowledge of syntactic categories such as nouns‚ verbs and so on‚ and how those categories can be combined with other words to form large categories or phrases. Where some syntactic unit or clauses are independent and others are subordinated. We will introduce
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Linking Words Linking words are essential for your writing to be natural and clear. Linking devices vary in three ways: 1. Position in the text. Some linking words normally form a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence. It is bad style to start a sentence with these words: and but so because then until such as are examples of this type of linking word. Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words must start with a capital letter and are
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operate as an independent clause in all areas of an ad - headline‚ subhead‚ signature line and text - and its complex premodifying structures. Premodification in the noun phrase is characterized by the abundant use of comparative and superlative adjectives and of colourful compounds‚ and by the tendency to place the product (or trade) name in first or early position in lengthy designations. This last‚ unusual feature disrupts the traditional word-order of premodifying adjectives in the noun phrase. Examples
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Denotation/Connotation…be ready to identify 2.8 Similes‚ Metaphors‚ Personification Extra… Alliteration‚ Hyperbole‚ Oxymoron‚ Idioms‚ Overstatements/Understatements Sentence Variety and Structure 3.3 Independent/Subordinate(Dependent) Clauses…Adj/Adv/Noun Clauses 3.4 Simple/Compound/Complex/Compound-Complex Sentences 3.5 Prepositional Phrases/Appositives/Verbals/Gerunds/Participles/Infinitives 3.6 & 3.8 Conjunctions: Coordinating and Subordinating Effective Paragraphs 4.2 Methods of Elaboration
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Tracking lexical change in present-day English Raymond Hickey Essen University 1 Introduction For several centuries English has been well known for its many cases of conversion‚ for instance it is used very frequently by Shakespeare‚ almost as a stylistic device of his. And to this day it has remained a prominent feature of the language. The standard definition of conversion (Bauer 1988: 90-2; Spencer 1991: 20) is a change in word-class without any alteration
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(constituents) The parts of sentences belong to a limited range of types. (syntactic categories) The parts have specific roles or functions within the larger parts they belong to. (grammatical functions) Concept 1:Principle of constituency Sentence Clause Phrase Word Morpheme Constituents CONSTITUENT STRUCTURE The bus is coming. Uncle Jim is walking down the steps. I will take his bag. We can put his luggage in the boot. He looks very fit. CHAIN & CHOICE RELATIONSHIPS
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