Prostaglandin E2 EP3 receptor regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the kidney Carlos P. Vio‚ Mariana Quiroz-Munoz‚ Catherina A. Cuevas‚ Carlos Cespedes and Nicholas R. Ferreri Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 303:F449-F457‚ 2012. First published 23 May 2012; doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00634.2011 You might find this additional info useful... This article cites 55 articles‚ 29 of which you can access for free at: http://ajprenal.physiology.org/content/303/3/F449.full#ref-list-1 This article has been cited
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The formation of an action potential can be divided into five steps. (1) A stimulus from a sensory cell or another neuron causes the target cell to depolarize toward the threshold potential. (2) If the threshold of excitation is reached‚ all Na+ channels open and the membrane depolarizes. (3) At the peak action potential‚ K+ channels open and K+ begins to leave the cell. At the same time‚ Na+ channels close. (4) The membrane becomes hyperpolarized as K+ ions continue to leave the cell. The
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which cell has the larger resting membrane potential? Explain. If the permeability to K is higher in A than in B‚ then the resting membrane potential (rmp) will be closer to the equilibrium potential in cell A‚ which means the rmp will be more negative in cell A than in cell B; or in other words‚ the potential difference will be LARGER in cell A. 2. Predict the effect of a reduced extracellular concentration of Na+ on the magnitude of the action potential in an electrically excitable cell. If there
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A graded potential in physiology‚ is described as local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying grades or degrees of magnitude or strength. When compared to graded potential‚ an action potential is described as brief‚ rapid‚ large (100mV) changes in membrane potential during which the potential actually reverses so that the inside of the excitable cell transiently becomes more positive than the outside. As with a graded potential‚ an action potential involves only a small portion of
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G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface proteins that relay extracellular signals to the nucleus. These signals can be in the form of light‚ peptides‚ lipids‚ and sugars. Once activated by a ligand at the outer cell surface‚ GPCRs activate their cognate G-proteins that reside on the inner cell membrane. The activated G-proteins then slide along the inside of the cell membrane to activate a cascade of proteins and enzymes that in turn amplify the original message received by the GPCR
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Exercise 2: Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Activity 3: The Effect of Stimulus Frequency on Skeletal Muscle Contraction Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. During a single twitch of a skeletal muscle You correctly answered: b. maximal force is never achieved. 2. When a skeletal muscle is repetitively stimulated‚ twitches can overlap each other and result in a stronger muscle contraction than a stand-alone twitch. This phenomenon is known as
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method (as discussed in Chapter 2) Single overhead rate = Total budgeted overhead for the plant / Total budgeted base With base being direct labor cost‚ direct labor hours or machine hours 2. The departmental overhead rate method Each department will calculate its own overhead rate based on department’s overhead and its own base 3. The activity-based costing method. Overhead rate is calculated base on each activity or task. Activity based costing (ABC) assigns manufacturing
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Assignments 1 and 2 Topic: CIPD Profession Map and HR/L&D practitioner services. Date: 06.01.2015 Student: Katarzyna Zarnowska Tutor: Jill Wilson Abstract. My report briefly summarise the CIPD Profession Map‚ then I would like to make comment on the activities and knowledge specified within one professional area first. The second part my report will outline how an HR/L&D practitioner should ensure the services provided are timely and effective. Table of contents. Abstract. 1. Introduction. 2. The summarise
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In Unit 5 Activity 2 we were asked to predict and then find the brightness and flow rate of a closed circuit with a three cell battery pack‚ a long bulb‚ a capacitor parallel to the long bulb‚ and a round bulb. I originally predicted that the round bulb would be brighter when the circuit was first closed and when the circuit reached a steady state‚ and that the wire between the round bulb and the negative side of the battery would have a higher flow rate than the other wires. However‚ in the steady
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one: Activity-based costing (ABC) is an accounting system that aids in providing various methods of calculating dynamically and practically the true cost of doing business for manufacturers and services. The core characteristic of ABC is that overhead costs are driven by activities themselves not products. ABC assigns a company’s overhead costs‚ which are the indirect cost such as electricity‚ lighting‚ heat or marketing‚ into the product’s cost. Specifically‚ ABC applies nonunit-level activity drivers
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