is vital to the pathogenicity of E. histolytica and therefore‚ the examination of molecular mechanisms involved in this pathogenicity is crucial. Various groups of molecules are involved in erythrophagocytosis in E. histolytica including groups of actins‚ myosins‚ small GTPases‚ transmembrane proteins‚ and lectins. Due to the innate complexity of E. histolytica‚ further study is necessary to determine novel molecular mechanisms and work towards enacting public health solutions to E. histolytica.
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contraction. When ATP attaches to the myosin head‚ it gets hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. Calcium ions bind to the troponin molecules and help expose the binding sites of actin filaments to allow for the attachment of the myosin heads. After the sliding of the myofilaments occurs‚ a new ATP is required to unbind the cross bridge between the actin and myosin filaments. To test the response of muscle fiber to the addition of ATP and/or salts (KCl and MgCl2)‚ we conducted an experiment in which we added salts
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correctly. This is where calcium comes into the picture. All muscles use calcium molecules for regulatory and signaling purposes. Contraction control and relaxation control by calcium is achieved first by the activation of troponin-tropomyosin with the actin filaments. The second activation is the calcium with calmodulin which activates myosin light-chain kinase that initiate the contraction of the muscle (Berchtold‚ Brinkmeier‚ & Muntener‚ 2000). The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is where the calcium
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uncover actin-myosin binding sites and from cross-bridges that facilitate a muscle contraction. Ca2+ enters the sarcoplasm when DHP receptors on the t-tubules respond to an action potential and trigger the opening of ryanodine channels on the SR. Ca2+ gets cleared when calsequestrin triggers the Ca2+ channel to close‚ and the calcium is used up from a muscle contraction cycle. The role of Ca2+ is that it binds to troponin and removes tropomyosin from the binding sites for myosin on the actin myofilaments
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Triad __1__ part of sarcoplasmic reticulum—stores calcium ions 7. Myofibrils consist of contractile proteins called myofilaments. Name the two types and what they’re composed of: Thick filaments composed of myosin (red) Thin filaments composed of actin (blue) 8. Arrangement of myofilaments. Give the letter name of each band: Dark band __A__ band Light band __I__ band Match two definitions with each band: __I__ contains only thin filaments __A__ contains both thick and thin filaments
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two molecules? a. ATP b. Actin 3. Three molecules make up the thin filament. a. Which molecule has a binding site for myosin heads? _Actin____________________________ b. Which molecule covers this binding site? _Tropomyosin________________________________________________ c. Which molecule has a binding site for calcium ions? _Troponin_____________________________________ 4. What molecule must bind to the myosin head in order for it to disconnect with actin? _ATP________________________
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sarcolemma—carries action potential Triad - T-tubule + 2 terminal cisternae 7. Myofibrils consist of contractile proteins called myofilaments. Name the two types and what they’re composed of: Thin filament composed of protein actin Thick filament composed of protein myosin 8. Arrangement of myofilaments. Give the letter name of each band: Dark band ( A band Light band ( I band Match two definitions with each band: I Band -
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The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue 1. Fill in the characteristics of the three muscle types: Muscle Type Cardiac Skeletal Smooth Shape of cell Y shaped and are shorter and wider than skeletal muscle cells Single‚ very long cylindrica Single‚ spindle shaped cells # of nuclei 1 or 2 multi 1 Striations yes yes no Control The heart The movement of the body The intestines like the small and large 2. What attaches muscles to bone? ______Tendon_______________. 3. The whole
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of one assignment from 3 media categories. Video and Documents (5 points each) complete resource record ● The Skeletal System Bozeman Biology ● The Skeletal System: It’s ALIVE! CrashCourse Biology #30 ● The Muscular System Bozeman Biology ● Myosin and Actin Khan Academy ● Tropomyosin and troponin and their role in regulating muscle contraction Khan Academy ● Anatomy of a Muscle Cell Khan Academy ● Big Guns: The Muscular System CrashCourse Biology #31 ● Levels of Organization S
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Describe all the parts of a sarcomere and their respective functions. The parts of a sarcomere can be detailed once the sarcomere is explained. Myofibrils are cylindrical structures that carry out contraction of the muscle. These muscle structures are composed of individual cylindrical subunits called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are myofilaments that are contractile‚ repetitious functional units in muscle (Martini & Nath‚ 2009‚ p. 298). These myofilaments are the smallest operational/functional unit
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