Bio 112 Exam #4 Homework Animal Body and How It Moves 1. Briefly describe the body of all vertebrates? A tube within a tube‚ a digestive tract- long tube from mouth to anus that is suspended in coelom‚ coelom subdivided into two cavities- separated by diaphragm in mammals and some reptiles. Peritoneal cavity- stomach‚ intestines‚ liver. Thoracic cavity- heart and lungs. All vertebrate bodies supported by internal skeleton skill around brain and vertebra around spinal cord and dorsal nerve cord
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ATP and its Role in Living Organisms An exemplary biology essay ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is vital to living organisms. It acts as a short-term store of energy in a cell‚ carrying it from where it is synthesised (e.g. the mitochondria) to where it is needed for biological processes. It is well suited to this job for the following reasons: it is small and soluble (and so can be easily transported around a cell); it is easily broken down to release energy; it can transfer energy to other molecules;
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what happens to muscle force production at extremes of length (too short or too long). (Hint: Think about sarcomere structure and actin and myosin interactions) Muscle too short: _Muscle force produced is reduced and they lose their strength as they cannot contract.___ Muscle too long: _Muscle force production is reduced because of insufficient overlap of actin and myosin. There isn’t maximal cross bridge formation.___ Terms 6. Select the LETTER of the condition from column B that most
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Module 06 Case Study: Articulations and Nerve Tissue Part I— “Jill” Questions 1. What is the difference between a tendon and ligament? (1 point) --The difference between a tendon and a ligament is that a tendon attaches to muscle. (ie. muscle-bone‚ muscle-muscle‚ muscle- skin) A ligament‚ however‚ attaches to cartilage. (ie. cartilage-bone‚ cartilage-cartilage‚ bone-bone) 2. What bones form the articulation (joint) of the ankle? Did Jill most likely sprain or strain her ankle? Explain your
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Cells come from pre-existing cells via division Cells of all organisms fundamentally similar in structure‚ function‚ and metabolic functions Contain hereditary information passed down during cell division A cell’s volume increases faster than it’s surface area Less surface area = less are for nutrient/waste diffusion Solves via: Dividing‚ getting thinner‚ form microvilli‚ store nutrients (Microvilli – within small intestine) Cells are highly organized‚ 3 basic parts Plasma membrane Selective
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A&P Exam #3 Ch 9&10 1) Know the four (4) functional characteristics of all muscle tissues -Excitability or Responsiveness- The ability to receive and respond to a stimulus that is any change in the environment whether inside or outside the body. In the case of muscle ‚the stimulus is usually a chemical for example - a neurotransmitter released by a nerve cell‚ or a local change in ph. The response is generation of of an electrical impulse that passes along the sarcolemma of the
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Anatomy & Physiology I Course Review for Final Review: 1. The Levels of Organization: Chemical Level: atoms (elements) >>>> molecules (two or more chemicals together) Cellular Lever: individualized (specialized cells) Tissue Level: tissues (groups of cells and materials surrounding them) Organs Level: different tissues that join together as a structure for a specific function System Level: related organs with a common/synergistic function Organism Level: a living
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bundle of muscle cells c. contractile unit of muscle a muscle cell thin reticular connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell plasma membrane of the muscle fiber a long filamentous organelle with a banded appearance found within muscle cells actin- or myosin-containing structure cord of collagen fibers that attaches a muscle to a bone d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. 9. F K ____________ ________ ____________ ________ 8. 2. List three reasons why the connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle
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I. Types of Muscles a. Skeletal i. Striated ii. Uses intracellular calcium to contact iii. Big cylindrical cells iv. Multi-nucleated v. Voluntary vi. Location: attached to the bone vii. Used for locomotion b. Cardiac i. Involuntary ii. Uni-nucleated iii. Striated iv. Location: walls of heart v. Used to propel blood vi. Uses extracellular calcium c. Smooth i. Involuntary ii. Location: Walls of hallow organs iii. Non-striated iv. Uses extracellular calcium v. Spindle shaped cells
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cerevisiae only contain two genes for α-tubulin‚ termed tub1 and tub3‚ and one for β-tubulin‚ termed tub2. These heterodimer proteins‚ which polymerize to form microtubules in most cells‚ have‚ unlike actin‚ been observed as structures that are involved in cell division by chromosomal and nuclear movement (Schatz‚ et al.‚ 1986). The mitotic and meiotic spindle found inside the cell‚ during division‚ have been found to be composed of these microtubules
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