CHAPTER 3: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Three Types of Muscle * Muscle tissue is a collection of cells that shorten during contraction which create tension that results in movement * Tendons are touch bands of connective tissue that join muscle with bones Skeletal muscles * Muscles that are attached to bone (by tendons and other tissue) * Comprise 30 to 40% of human body weight * Humans have conscious control (conscious muscle) over these muscles (the brain can tell them what to do)
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Chemicals Hordenine and methyl jasmonate were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo‚ Japan). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Tokyo‚ Japan). Plant materials Two-year-old seedlings of Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu were cultivated in perlite:vermiculite (1:1) soil in a growth chamber (11.8 Wm-2 for 14 h in a day) at 27 °C. Seedlings of Fragaria×ananassa cv. Nyoho were grown in 55% peat moss‚ 10% perlite‚ 5% vermiculite‚ and 30% decomposed granite soil at 25 ºC in a greenhouse
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Study Guide for Quiz 1 What is gastrulation? What layers are formed during this process? The process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells. Goes from one layer to three. Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm What is a chimera? a single organism that is composed of two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells that originate from different zygotes involved in sexual reproduction Understand the types of injuries/assaults an early embryo can
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TOPIC 1- INTRO TO CELL BIOLOGY Cell Theory: 1) all organisms consist of one or more cells 2) the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms (Theodor Schwann) 3) all cells arise only from pre-existing cells (i.e cell= basic unit of reproduction) (Rudolf Virchow) Cells have enormous diversity (function and size)‚ but have unity (similar basic chemistry i.e DNA‚ ATP‚ metabolism‚ etc.) ** units: 1µm= 10-6m‚ 1nm= 10-9 m (typical prokaryote is 1-5µm‚ typical eukaryote is 10-30 µm)
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Muscle Fibers → Endomysium → Muscle fibers → Sarcolemma → Myofibrils → Sarcomere → Actin & Mysoin myofilament ARRANGMENT OF MYOFILAMENTS A Bands Dark areas‚ w/ thick filaments I Bands Light area‚ w/ thin filaments Z Line Within the I band H Zone Light‚ Middle of each A band M Line Within H zone‚ inside A band Sarcomere Between 2 Z lines PARTS MYOSIN ACTIN THICK THIN Tail Troponin (displaces tropomyosin) Heads Actin Flexible Hinge Region Tropomyosin (covers head) MOTOR UNIT - single alpha motor
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contract. The acetylcholine then combines with receptors to stimulate movement‚ or a muscle impulse. As a result‚ calcium ions flood into to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This forms connections between the actin and myosin filaments. A cross bridge is attached to a myosin filament and when the actin filament slides opposite of the myosin‚ the cross bridge forms new links. All of this can be accomplished only if there is an energy source. The energy source for movement of a muscle contraction called
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Erythrocyte: Structure & Metabolism หัวข้อบรรยาย 1. Red cell membrane 1. Membrane lipid 2. Membrane skeleton 3. Peripheral proteins 4. Integral proteins 2. RBC metabolism 1. Glycolytic (Embden-Meyerhof) pathway 2. Hexose monophosphate shunt 3. Rapoport-Luebering pathway 2.4 Methemoglobin reductase pathwa 3. Hemoglobin 3.1 Hemoglobin structure 3.2 Hemoglobin synthesis
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The Structure and Function Relationships of Proteins Proteins are a group of organic compounds whose molecules consist of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ nitrogen and sometimes sulfur atoms. They are condensation polymers of amino acids that are joined by strong peptide bonds. There are 20 different types of amino acids available‚ and the different combinations of these amino acids give it different structures and specific functions to it. Below in this essay‚ will illustrate the how different structure
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Western Blotting is used to Identify a Subunit of Myosin Light Chain in the Proteins of All the Different Fish. Chae Yee Kent State University: BSCI 30140 Lab Abstract Western Blotting can be used to detect the Myosin actin light chain in different species of fish and is used to distinguish from different species based on variation‚ commonality‚ or evolutionary divergence. First‚ proteins are extracted from the tissue and loaded into a gel matrix. The matrix will separate the proteins according
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is rapidly conducted into the interior of the muscle fiber by structures called t-tubules. The t-tubules make contact with the Ca2+ filled sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to troponin complex by the actin filaments‚ which causes the troponin complex to pull tropomyosin away. Because these chemicals have a high affinity for calcium ions they cause the myosin cross-bridges to
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