Sample Physiology MCQs 1. Compound action potentials can be graded responses. True 2. The sciatic nerve contains axons of both afferent and efferent neurones. True 3. The absolute refractory period of an action potential is the period after an initial stimulus when it is impossible to evoke another action potential with a second stimulus. True 4. The refractory periods of individual axons are important as they dictate the maximal action potential firing rate of a neuron. True 5. Compound action
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Toxicological Chemistry - relates the aspects of toxicology to the chemical structure and reactivity of the toxin. It is concerned with the chemical interaction of the toxin with the receptor that gives the physiological response. The ultimate aim is to relate functional group chemistry of both toxin and receptor to the interaction Toxicity - the degree to which a substance causes damage to an organism Acute toxicity - the adverse effects resulting from a single exposure‚ or exposure over
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Viany Reyes November 08‚ 2011 Dr. Dunaway Neuronal signaling in muscle contraction is triggered when an action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction. At this junction‚ acetylcholine (ACh) is the main neurotransmitter. Packaged in vesicles‚ ACh fuses with the neuron’s membrane and is released into the synaptic cleft. ACh diffuses toward the motor end plate and bind to the neurotransmitter receptor on it. The muscle fiber is then triggered to produce an action potential of its own
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Metabolic Superstorm 1. Fill in the chart below. Use “+” if the patient’s vital sign is higher than normal‚ “−” if the sign is lower than normal‚ or “x” if the sign is normal. If you need to‚ use your text or another resource to determine normal values. Vital Sign Increase/Decrease/Normal Respiration Rate + Heart Rate + Blood Pressure - Body Temperature + 2. If you were the doctors on the scene‚ what diagnosis would you give this patient? (You may
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is done for the examination of the brain for plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (Sims‚ Odle & Davidson‚ 2009). AD can be categorised into two main categories. The first category is the deficits in the metabolism of neurotransmitter that is acetylcholine (ACh) which is required for the short memory function (DeKosky‚ 2001). The second category is the structural changes in the brain (DeKosky‚ 2001). It can be either structural loss or alteration of the structure that affects the cortex of the brain
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likely women under the under the age of 40 and men between the ages of 60-70 (Lundy-Ekman‚ 2007). The disorder is caused by an issue of communication at the neuromuscular junction. As electrical messages arrive in this junction‚ they release Acetylcholine to nerve receptors to control muscle contractions‚ whose actions trigger or suppress muscle movement. Patients with MG have a limited amount of these receptors because they are destroyed. The destruction is caused by antibodies that were made
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Autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system (ANS or visceral nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system functioning largely below the level of consciousness‚ and controls visceral functions. The ANS affects heart rate‚ digestion‚ respiration rate‚ salivation‚ perspiration‚ diameter of the pupils‚ micturition (urination)‚ and sexual arousal. Whereas most of its actions are involuntary‚ some‚ such as breathing‚ work in tandem with the conscious
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and they are responsible for a number of instinctive responses in the body. 2. The sympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter- Noradrenaline 3. The parasympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter- endorphins and acetylcholine 4. Circle the correct boldfaced term. The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate. 5. What happens in each of the five phases of cardiac muscle depolarization? PHASE0(RAPID
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units by impulses in the neurons supplying it electrical stimulus: an electrical current used to cause a single muscle or a group of muscles to contract latent period: delay between recieving a stimulus and the response 2. What is the role of acetylcholine in a skeletal muscle contraction? Your answer: Ach is the chemical signal used to send to the muslce to cause contraction. 3. Describe the process of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers. Your answer: Ach is released at
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respond to energy drinks. BODY I. Energy drinks have caffeine a. Caffeine causes the following physiological effects: a.i. It stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in alertness. a.ii. It releases neurotransmitters (particularly acetylcholine) producing excitement. a.iii. It causes the pituitary gland to release adrenaline. a.iii.1. Adrenaline increases the heartbeat and causes the liver to release glucose into blood for higher energy. a.iii.2. Adrenaline increases sympathetic stimulation
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