19 March 2007 MS/No BKM/2007/028‚ © 2007 Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract The interactions of Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions in the activation of non-specific tissue alkaline phosphatase were investigated using crude extracts of rat kidney. Activation of alkaline phosphatase by the metal ions was accompanied by changes in the kinetic
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Enzymes are generally protein macromolecules that act as catalysts in metabolic reactions. A catalyst is a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes speed up metabolic reaction rates by lowering the activation energy barrier‚ which is the amount of energy initially needed to spark a reaction. It allows reactant molecules to absorb enough energy to break bonds and react without raising the temperature to an extreme. During this process the substrate
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certain environmental factors affect the enzyme activity rate. For the first experiment‚ where we tested the increase in concentration of enzyme with the substrate‚ we found that higher concentration of enzyme increases the rate of reaction of the enzyme. This is because more enzyme molecules are present‚ which allow more substrate molecules to get into the active sites of the enzyme (Sattler W& Esterbauer H). When calculating the absorbance of different enzyme concentration‚ it was noticeable that
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Purpose: Restriction enzymes cut DNA at a certain palindromic sequence. Three samples of lamda DNA set up to be cut with restriction enzymes PstI‚ EcoRI‚ or HindDIII. There were also two more samples‚ one of these samples was not mixed with any restriction enzyme and the other was a marker‚ which used an enzyme which creates fragments with a known number of base pairs used to create a standard curve. All five samples were put through agarose gel electrophoresis in order to estimate the amount of
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Broadly speaking‚ enzymes are proteins that is produced to perform as a biological catalyst in chemical reactions. Catalyst are used to increase the rate of a chemical reaction. In this study‚ we performed two different experiments that investigated the effect of varying substrate concentration‚ and the effect of temperature on the rate of Enzyme-Catalase reaction. In experiment one (i.e. the effect of varying substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme-catalase reaction) we tested the hypothesis
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Principles of Biology Lab Exercise Enzymes: Catalysts of Life Instructor: Professor Alcendor By Shahid Rana Date: March 7th‚ 2013 Abstract: In this experiment we have demonstrated the function of enzymes. The whole experiment was devoted to understand how enzymes work as a catalysts and increase the chemical reaction without being used themselves. In general‚ enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts. These enzymes adhere to lower to amount of energy required for
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The data from the experiment demonstrates that the catalase enzyme breaks down the hydrogen peroxide due to its harmful toxicity to the liver. In section A‚ the effect surface area has on the enzyme was tested. The results have proven that as the surface area increases‚ the reaction rate of the enzyme also increases. To illustrate‚ when the liver was ground‚ the bubbles from the reaction reached a maximum height of 150mm in five seconds less than the unground liver which merely reached a maximum
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pH & Enzyme Action Aim: To inspect the effects of the pH on enzymes. Apparatus: 100 cm³ Beaker 3 – 5cm³ Syringes 2 Test Tube Racks with 8 Test Tubes Stop-watch Ruler Dropping bottle of detergent Marker Pen Masking Tape 400cm³ Hydrogen Peroxide 200cm³ Liver Catalase Solution 100cm³ of following Buffer Solution – pH5 pH7 pH9 pH11 Method: The materials were collected. The test tube rack one with 4 test tubes had been labelled A to D. The 2cm³ of each buffer solution
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purpose of this experiment is to study how enzyme activity is affected by environmental conditions. Researchers tested the level of potato extract enzyme activity with 1-11 pH‚ varying temperature‚ catechol solution‚ hydroquinone solution‚ and different measurements of catechol. In Figure 1A and 1B‚ pH levels were tested with potato extract to see how pH would affect the amount of Benzoquinone is formed in the potato. Although it was hypothesized that enzymes would form Benzoquinone better in acidic
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DISCUSSION: Bromelian added to Gelatin: Bromelian is an enzyme found in pineapples. When Bromelian is added to gelatin it breaks down the protein and does not allow the gelatin to solidify. There are several factors that can cause an enzyme to slow down or to completely stop reacting. For example‚ temperature and pH can effect enzyme activity. Canned pineapple juice and fresh pineapple juice were used to see how the enzyme would react differently. In fresh pineapple juice the Bromelian have would
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