1. The subject of theoretical grammar and its difference from practical grammar. The following course of theoretical grammar serves to describe the grammatical structure of the English language as a system where all parts are interconnected. The difference between theoretical and practical grammar lies in the fact that practical grammar prescribes certain rules of usage and teaches to speak (or write) correctly whereas theoretical grammar presents facts of language‚ while analyzing them‚ and gives
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In linguistics‚ traditional grammar is a theory of the structure of language based on ideas Western societies inherited from ancient Greek and Roman sources. The term is mainly used to distinguish these ideas from those of contemporary linguistics. In the English-speaking world at least‚ traditional grammar is still widely taught in elementary schools. |Contents | |1 History | |2 Key concepts | |3 Controversy | |4
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i Research on Prescriptive Grammar and Its Comparison with Descriptive Grammar ii Abstract In English linguistics‚ there are two approaches which are opposite to each other theoretically: prescriptive grammar and descriptive grammar. These two grammars were born in different historical conditions‚ and the application rules involved in has been still under the dispute through the development of English linguistics. It is significant to study the development trend and application in English
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PARTICIPANT’S GUIDE What have I done in my own classroom lately? 1. List what you have done to teach a grammar or mechanics pattern/skill in your own classroom. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Did you thoroughly share many correct models of the skill‚ both visually and verbally? _____________________________
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Some misconceptions about communicative language teaching Geoff Thompson ELT Journal Volume 50/1 January 1996‚ pp. 9 - 15 Although communicative language teaching is accepted by many applied linguists and teachers as the most effective approach among those in general use‚ there are still a number of misconceptions about what it involves. This article sets out four of the main misconceptions‚ discusses why they have arisen‚ and why they can be so described. In doing this‚ the article attempts to
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the word ‘Grammar’ is (the study or use of) the rules about how words change their form and combine with other words to make sentences. Grammar is divided into phonology (systematic organization of sounds in languages)‚ morphology (the study and description of how words are formed)‚ syntax (the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed)‚ semantics (the ways in which sounds and meanings are related) and lexicon (the mental dictionary of words). Without grammar‚ language
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Grammar for Teachers Andrea DeCapua Grammar for Teachers A Guide to American English for Native and Non-Native Speakers Author Andrea DeCapua‚ Ed.D. College of New Rochelle New Rochelle‚ NY 10805 adecapua@cnr.edu ISBN: 978-0-387-76331-6 e-ISBN: 978-0-387-76332-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007937636 c 2008 Springer Science+Business Media‚ LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the
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FOUNDATIONS IN GENERATIVE GRAMMAR Any native speaker of a language can be said to know the grammar of his/her own language‚ they know how to form and interpret any expression. However‚ this grammatical knowledge is subconscious. Native speaker have grammatical competence in their native language. This means that they have tacit knowledge of the grammar of their own lang. We have to make a difference between competence (the fluent native speaker’s tacit knowledge of his lang) and performance (what
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Traditional Grammar is the speculative work of the medieval and the prescriptive approach of the 18th Century grammarians basically it refers back to the Aristotelian orientations towards the nature of language as it is shown in the work of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Origin: The very beginning of the twentieth century was typically marked by a new approach to grammar as suggested by linguists such as Ferdinand de Saussure and American linguist like Frantz Boas‚ Bloomfield and Edward Sapir
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PAPER 6 (DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS) STRUCTURAL GRAMMAR Broadly speaking any grammar in which there is an attempt to describe the structure of grammatical sentences is structural grammar. But the term has come to refer more narrowly to the type of grammar brought to its maximum development in the early 1950’s by such men like C. C. Fries and Zelling Harris. Structural grammar in this sense is characterized by the procedure known as substitution‚ by which word class membership is established and by which
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