Selected Essays by Lefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Public Policy and Policy Analysis: The Rational Model Question: The rational model of public policy making‚ though heavily criticized‚ is the most widely used and or talked about model. Discuss why. By Lefoko O. Molebatsi (University of Botswana) Instructor: Prof G. S Maipose 2001 1 Selected Essays by Lefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) -
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Q1 Decision making (decision from Latin decidere "to decide‚ determine‚" literally "to cut off‚" from de- "off" and caedere "to cut") can be regarded as the mental processes (cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision making process produces a final choice.[1] The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. * | Decision making stages Developed by B. Aubrey Fisher‚ there are four stages that should be involved in
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and reason‚ decision making influenced by emotions is often rash and destructive. Using logic and reason allows one to carefully calculate the payoff of each decision‚ as well as the potential risks involved. This can be applied to various situations in life‚ whether one is using logic in a game of chess or a financial decision in a business. However‚ countless instances in history and literature have shown us the effect one’s emotions may have on the ability to make logical decisions‚ such as the
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goals cannot go along with just military means lonely. The situation in Afghanistan is more complicated when America could not defeat Taliban thoroughly. However‚ the decision making of American leaders in relation between military using and political purpose has achieved several certain effectiveness. Applying the rational decision-making model to the situation in Afghanistan surge will analyze that military means are play an important role to achieve political ends.
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National Decision Making Model Stage 1 Gather information and intelligence: During this stage‚ the decision maker explains what has/is happening – in other words‚ they define the situation. They will simplify matters that interrelate regarding information and intelligence. This stage allows the decisions to be made about tactics and allows them to prioritise. An intelligence connection plan is used in order to close gaps in their knowledge and focus on intelligence requirements. This helps to
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Stage 1 Problem Recognition Problem recognition is the initial step in the purchase decision‚ and requires the consumer to perceive a difference between a person’s ideal and actual situations big enough to trigger a decision. In the present scenario‚ Zac has already decided that he wants to purchase a digital camera. Possible reasons for him to arrive at this decision could be: 1) Interest Zac might be a photography enthusiast who has been using film cameras‚ and now wants to try using a digital
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------------------------------------------------- Stages in Consumer Decision Making Process An individual who purchases products and services from the market for his/her own personal consumption is called as consumer.To understand the complete process of consumer decision making‚ let us first go through the following example:Tim went to a nearby retail store to buy a laptop for himself. The store manager showed him all the latest models and after few rounds of negotiations‚ Tim immediately selected
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Managerial Decision Making1.Define the situationWe are the management team of an Australian branch of a large pharmaceutical company that has large offices based in Europe and North America. In Australia we have a small team of about 40 people. We have three major departments in our organization the marketing team‚ the finance team and the customer service team. It has become apparent to us in the last year that there seems to be a segregation of departments i.e. between Finance‚ Marketing and
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1. What is Decision Making? Decision-making is an essential aspect of modern management. It is a primary function of management. A manager’s major job is sound/rational decision-making. He takes hundreds of decisions consciously and subconsciously. Decision-making is the key part of manager’s activities. Decisions are important as they determine both managerial and organizational actions. A decision may be defined as "a course of action which is consciously chosen from among a set of alternatives
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Chapter 11 – Decision Making What is Decision Making? * Decision making – the process of developing a commitment to some course of action * Can also be described as a process of problem solving * Problem – a perceived gap between an existing state and a desired state Well-Structured Problems * Well-structured problems – a problem for which the existing state is clear‚ the desired state is clear‚ and how to get from one state to the other is fairly obvious * Decision making takes time
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