Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes‚ either the pancreas does not make enough insulin (insulin is a hormone that helps glucose to enter cells) or muscle cells are unable to use insulin properly. As the result‚ a diabetic patient has very high blood sugar levels. When the sugar or glucose level is over 600 mg/dl‚ it’s dangerous to the diabetic’s health. Untreated diabetes affects the eyes‚ nerves‚ kidney‚ heart and blood vessels. Type 2 Diabetes is usually controlled
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Modifying the World The world has come to a point where anything and everything can be customized; yet never could one have foreseen the customization of life forms. The term "genetically-modified organisms" (GMO’s)‚ is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques (Whitman‚ 2000). GMO’s offer dramatic promise for some of the greatest challenges of the century‚ however‚ like all new technologies‚ they also possess
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Stem cells are unique because they have the ability to generate new cells of any kind during early life and growth. There are about 200 different types of cells in the body; such as muscle‚ skin and brain cells. Most of these cells have to be repaired or replaced once in a while. For example our taste buds are replaced every 10 days‚ skin cells every couple of weeks and liver cells every 300-500 days. Stem cells serve as an internal repair system dividing essentially without limit to replenish
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Chapter 1 Cell Theory- in the 18th century‚ two scientists came up with the cell theory. Schleiden and Schwen. 3 corollaries of the cell theory: -all cells are alike in chemical composition -all cells store and process information in the same way -all cells arise from other cell through cell division 5 types of different Microscopes 1. Light Microscope- produces 2-D image Direct descendants of Hooks scope> take two lenses to a light source> used this to magnify images up to 1‚000 fold.
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Chapter 7 Study Guide Cell Structure and Function Section 71: Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork. It seemed to make tiny empty chambers (cells). Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a singlelens microscope to observe pond water & other things. The microscope revealed a world of tiny living organisms that seemed to be everywhere. Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made up of cells. Theodor Schwann stated that all animals were made up of cells.
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Introduction The current method of cell expansion using T25 flasks for human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been proven to be extremely time and space consuming‚ labour intensive and difficult for scale-up (Minimal of 200 T25 flasks needed). It is estimated 2.8x108 - 5.6x108 undifferentiated hESCs are required by the end of the expansion stage for the process to work‚ as at least 5x107 cells of well differentiated post-mitotic Nrl+/Crx+ precursors are needed for transplant (Maclaren et al‚ 2006)
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1.1 Studying the Structure of Cells In 1665‚ English scientist Robert Hooke became the first person to study cells Cell Structure Nucleolus: Makes Ribosomes‚ which help to make proteins Nuclear Membrane: Protects the contents of the nucleus Nuclear Pores: Allow materials‚ such as ribosomes‚ in and out of the nucleus |Light Microscope |Electron Microscope | |Uses light source |Beams of electrons
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The Cell Cycle Brittany Jameson Vista College Abstract The cell cycle is made up of five steps. These steps are interphase‚ mitosis‚ cytoplasmic division‚ cell differentiation‚ and cell death. During mitosis there is a series of four stages. The Cell Cycle To start the cell cycle the cells first go through a step called interphase. During this step the cell grows and synthesizes new molecules and organelles. In the S phase the DNA of the cell is replicated in preparation for cell division
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Genetically Modified Organisms: The Truth In recent decades‚ people have come to the idea that there is truly something sinister about genetically modified organisms. Contrary to what many people believe‚ genetically modified organisms possess the ability to juristically benefit the world in a number of positive ways. Genetic engineering can help create a larger production and a longer shelf life for crops‚ making it possible to safely send and transport them to countries and nations without access
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component: organism ⁃ prokaryotic ⁃ nucleoid area ⁃ one circular chromosome ⁃ non-membranous organelle ⁃ cell wall: peptidoglycan ⁃ binary fission ⁃ bacteria simple‚ dynamic‚ well adapted for survival and new environment ⁃ archaea pseudopeptidoglycan‚ extreme environment ⁃ eukaryotic ⁃ nucleus ⁃ multiple chromosomes ⁃ membranous and non-membranous organelle ⁃ no peptidoglycan ⁃ mitosis ⁃ algae photosynthetic‚ pigment‚ cellulose ⁃ fungi natural decomposer‚ chitin cell wall
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