the single strands to make two new DNA. Each DNA will have an old strand and a new strand. RNAwhich is a nucleic acid‚ a nucleotidediffers from DNA in three ways: 1. sugar is ribose; 2. there is a single strand of nucleotides‚ not two; 3. and uracil instead of thymine. There are three types of RNA: 1. mRNAmessengertakes the message from DNA to the ribosome; 2. rRNAribosomalthe ribosomes are made of RNA; 3. tRNAtransferbrings amino acids to the mRNA‚ about 80 nucleotides long. There are two
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classification that results in a binomial name. classification is used to make it easier for different species to be identified by scientists. The current system‚ the Three Domain System ‚ groups organisms primarily based on differences in ribosomal RNA structure. Ribosomal RNA is a molecular building block for ribosomes . Under this system‚ organisms are classified into three domains and six kingdoms . The domains are Archaea‚ Bacteria‚ and Eukarya. The kingdoms are Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria)‚ Eubacteria
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nucleotides are the monomers of DNA RNA Nucleotide [pic] The left picture shows the nucleotide unit of RNA. Nucleotides differ from nucleosides in that they have phosphate groups. Nucleotides can exist in the mono-‚ di-‚ or tri-phosphorylated forms. The most common site of phosphorylation of nucleotides found in cells is the hydroxyl group attached to the 5’-carbon of the ribose. Nucleotide units line up forming the backbone of RNA / DNA. 1A. Typical DNA Molecule
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survival. However the DNA contained in them is not necessary for reproduction or other basic cell functions. There is more than one type of RNA: ribosomal RNA and other proteins complex to form the ribosome. Ribosomes are structures that serve us protein factories for a cell. The cell cannot survive without proteins‚ ribosomes are vital to cell life. Like DNA‚ RNA is a component of all living cells and it is composed of nucleotides and arranged in long
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living too‚ because they have chemical bonds of RNA‚ which is the singular shorter form of DNA. There is evidence that viruses change with different hosts‚ but they are generally considered non-living. They are much smaller chemical chains (with some form of movement and reproduction) and do not come from cells through reproduction. They come from cells by ’hijacking’ normal cells and inserting their small chemical chains into the cells’ DNA or RNA. The cells and all its organic machines change to
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Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUG GGA AAU CAU CGG UGA Translation (amino acid sequence): Met (Start) Gly Asp His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence one: 3’-T A C G C T T T A G T A G C C A T T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUG CGA AAU CAU CGG UAA Translation (amino acid sequence): Met(Start) Arg Asp His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence two: 3’-T A A C C T T T A C T A G G C A C T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUU GGA AAU GAU CCG UGA
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recombinant DNA Definition: DNA that contains genes from more than one source. Describe three uses for recombinant DNA Drugs Hormones Vaccines Nucleic acids for research Compare and contrast the general structural composition of DNA and RNA DNA RNA Sugar (pentose) Deoxyribose Ribose Bases AGTC AGUC Strands Double stranded with base single stranded pairing Helix Yes No Similarities: Nucleotides are basic structural unit Complementary base pairing by hydrogen bonds
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feedback mechanisms? D) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory? D) A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is the: C) tRNA. If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon‚ it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon. A) UCG The term used to describe the type of solution in
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Unit 3 Lecture Study Guide 1. List the 4 primary tissue types and give the general characteristics and functions of each one. Nerve Tissue: transmit nerve impulses; coordinates and regulates body activities‚ bind and support nerve tissue; carry on phagocytosis; connect neurons to blood vessels‚ changes shape from squamous to cuboidal Epithelial Tissue: covers all free body surfaces and lines organs‚ anchored to connective tissue by basement membrane‚ lacks blood vessels‚ can reproduce
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of threads called chromatin‚ which is indistinct in the nondividing cell‚ but it condenses to chromosomes at the time of cell division. This is where the DNA resides. The most prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus which produces ribosomal RNA or rRNA. Multicellular organisms consist of many cells that are specialized for one particular function and carry it out very efficiently. The labor in a eukaryotic cell is divided with each part of the cell doing its job so as to ensure the
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