to create their own pub to be called Beach Karaoke. To evaluate the two mutually exclusive projects‚ we have to consider the following criteria: • The present capital budgeting system ranks projects according to their payback period and average return on investment. Ranking projects is often used in the situation of capital rationing. PBH might have had difficulties in terms of availability of cash‚ which would justify the use of the Payback method. However‚ it’s an old system that hasn’t been revised
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Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Calculations The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the discount rate used in the discounted cash flow analysis. Usually‚ the WACC is the weighted average of the cost of debt (Kd) and the cost of equity (Ke)‚ since debt and equity are the most common sources of funds for the companies. In general‚ the formula for WACC is the following: As implied by the formula itself‚ if a company does not have interest-bearing debts‚ then its WACC would equal
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Cash Flow Statements - Indirect method – Reconciliation for Cash from Operations –from Accrual profit to Cash generated. Accrual profit recorded items below that did not involve Cash Action to derive Cash Explanations and reasons for adjustments necessary to derive Cash from Operations [Profit making activities] 1 Depreciation buildings Add back Non cash expense that reduced profit 2 Proceeds from sale of Asset deduct Non cash gain or profit that increased profit 3 Carrying amount of Asset sold
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Prepared for The Journal of Applied Corporate Finance Vol. 15‚ No. 1‚ 2002 How do CFOs make capital budgeting and capital structure decisions?1 John R. Graham Associate Professor of Finance‚ Fuqua School of Business‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ NC 27708 USA Campbell R. Harvey Professor of Finance‚ Fuqua School of Business‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ NC 27708 USA National Bureau of Economic Research‚ Cambridge‚ MA 02912 USA March 8‚ 2002 1A longer and more detailed version of this paper is published
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8. Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Taxable income $9‚100 $10‚250 $15‚300 Marginal tax rate .30 .30 .30 Tax $2‚730 $3‚075 $4‚590 Revenue $13‚000 $16‚250 $23‚400 Expenses (4‚250) (8‚000) (8‚100) Tax cost (2‚730) (3‚075) (4‚590) Net cash flow $6‚020 $5‚175 $10‚710 Discount factor (6%) .943 .890 Present value $6‚020 $4‚880 $9‚532 NPV $20‚432 11. a. Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Before-tax cash flow $(500‚000) $52‚500 $47‚500 $35‚500 $530‚500 Tax cost (7‚875)
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Exercise Problems and Questions. 1. Calculating Annuity Present Values. An investment offers $8‚500 per year for 15 years‚ with the first payment occurring 1 year from now. If the required return is 9 percent‚ what is the value of the investment? What would the value be if the payments occurred for 40 years? For 75 years? Forever? 2. Calculating Annuity Cash Flows. If you put up $25‚000 today in exchange for a 7.9 percent‚ 12year annuity‚ what will the annual cash flow be? 3. Calculating Perpetuity
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Sensibility: Managing the Cash Flow Ronal Sen was looking at the bank statement for the last quarter. He thought about the effort that he underwent to make those payments referred as withdrawals in the bank statement. He recollected the occasions in which he had to request the vendor to delay the deposit of the cheque given by him as he had insufficient balance in the bank. The company he had founded had outgrown the informal processes that he used to control it. He was interested in getting the handle
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Why Do We Make Decisions The decisions we make decide who we are. Most people believe this is true‚ but could who we are determine what decisions we make? Can I really make a decision‚ or do I make it subconsciously then rationalize with logic and reasoning? Is it possible to overthink a decision? Research and studies have shown that it can. Some decisions are harder to make than others‚ is it because the more it could affect us the less we want to make it? Through researching decision making and
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Ratio Analysis and Statement of Cash Flows Financial ratios are "just a convenient way to summarize large quantities of financial data and to compare firms’ performance" (Brealey & Myer & Marcus‚ 2003‚ p. 450). Financial ratios are very useful tools in order to determine the health of a company‚ help managers to make decision‚ and help to compare companies that belong to the same industry in order to know about their performance. Home Depot and Lowe’s are two home improvement chains in the United
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CHAPTER 12: CASH FLOW ESTIMATION AND RISK ANALYSIS 1. Because of improvements in forecasting techniques‚ estimating the cash flows associated with a project has become the easiest step in the capital budgeting process. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 2. Estimating project cash flows is generally the most important‚ but also the most difficult‚ step in the capital budgeting process. Methodology‚ such as the use of NPV versus IRR‚ is important‚ but less so than obtaining a reasonably accurate estimate
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