Causes for Low Productivity of Indian Agriculture The causes for low productivity of Indian agriculture can be divided into 3 broad categories‚ namely‚ (1) General factors‚ (2) Institutional factors and (3) Technological factors. 1. General Factors (a) Overcrowding in Agriculture: The increasing pressure of population on land is an important demographic factor responsible for low yield in agriculture. The area of cultivated land per cultivator has declined from 0.43 hectare in 1901 to 0.23 hectare
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Initial investment An initial investment is the money a business owner needs to start up a firm. It might include the business owner’s own money‚ money borrowed from an array of sources including family and friends or banks‚ or capital raised from investors. The term initial investment is also used as the money a business owner uses to invest in a capital investment venture such as a piece of equipment or a building. IRR The higher a projects internal rate of return‚ the
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divided into three categories: operational‚ financing‚ and investment. Calculating Cash Flow 1. 1 Figure out the net cash flow from operating activities. This section tells you how much cash was generated from daily operations or delivery of goods and services. Cash inflows from operations include cash received from sale of goods or services‚ collection of receivables from customers‚ cash interest and cash dividends received. Cash outflows from operations include cash payments for goods purchased
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Ended 2012 (Appendix 1) * Current ratio of 1.6 indicates that the company can meet its short term obligations. There is a 46% improvement versus last year’s current ratio of 1.1. Quick ratio of 1.8 shows a 50% improvement. * Total debt- to-equity of 1.5 shows a 12% improvement over prior year’s ratio of 1.7 indicating that the firm is relying less on debt. Times interest earned ratio of 6.4 improved by 30%. * Profitability ratios indicate overall earnings growth. Net margin of 15.2% grew
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Types of Capital Investment Decisions Organizations often are faced with the opportunity (or need) to invest in assets or projects that represent long-term commitments. New production systems‚ new plants‚ new equipment‚ and new product development are examples of assets and projects that fit this category. Usually‚ many alternatives are available. For example‚ an organization may be faced with the decision of whether or not to invest in a new plant‚ or whether to invest in a flexible manufacturing
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University/School of Economics Research Paper FDI outflow‚ the case of China Submitted by Liu 01 FDI outflow in the case of China EMA Student‚ Fudan University Abstract Since the opening in 1978‚ China became the biggest FDI recipient of the developing countries worldwide. There is no doubt‚ this condition will keep going. But recently a reversed movement attracted more and more attention. Using the Dunning model‚ the rapid growth emerging countries can explain the recent movements in FDI flows from developing
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Payroll plays a major role in a company for several reasons. From an accounting point of view‚ payroll is crucial because payroll and payroll taxes considerably affect the net income of most companies‚ and they are subject to laws and regulations. The primary mission of the payroll department is to ensure that all employees are paid accurately and timely with the correct withholdings and deductions‚ and to ensure the withholdings and deductions are remitted in a timely manner. Because of the self-policing
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CASE 2: VALUING CAPITAL INVESTMENT PROJECTS CORPORATE FINANCE GROUP Y Growth Enterprises‚ Inc When valuing any project‚ the free cash flows must be determined in order to be able to successfully implement any method of capital budgeting. Growth Enterprises is currently considering four projects. Each has an equal required initial investment of $10‚000‚000 which is followed by a set of cash flows different for each project. Depreciation figures for each project were calculated on a straight-line
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Chapter 7— Net Present Value and Other Investment Question 1 : List the methods that a firm can use to evaluate a potential investment. There are discounted and non-discounted cash-flow capital budgeting criteria to evaluate proposed investments. They are 1) Net present value: NPV is a discounted cash flow technique‚ which is the difference between an investment’s market value and its cost. NPV = Present value of cash inflow- Present value of cash outflow The investment should
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Capital Investment Analysis/Capital Budgeting: Learning Objectives: After studying this topic you should be able to: | | Define and explain capital investment analysis. | | | Evaluate capital investment proposals using average rate of return method‚ cash payback method‚ net present value method‚ and internal rate of return method. | | | Explain the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of evaluating capital investment proposals. | | | Explain the concept of the time
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