Synchronous Digital Hierchy

Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH)
Survey Report

Objective: To conduct a survey on the SDH technology and its implementation in Pakistan

SUBMITTED TO: SIR MUHAMMAD RAMZAN
Saman Ishtiaq Malik (Reg No. 206)
Shumaila Batool (Reg No. 209)
Sumaira Shamim (Reg No. 212)
Hira Jafri (Reg No. 214)
Yumna Ghazi (Reg No. 217)
Zonera Tahir (Reg No. 220)

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 Certificate of Originality
We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and to the best of our knowledge of belief, we have not copied from any other source. We have although taken figures and pictures from the internet as well as assistance from the Zong Telecom Office for our guidance.

Saman Ishtiaq Malik (Reg No. 206)

Shumaila Batool (Reg No. 209)

Sumaira Shamim (Reg NO. 212)

Hira Jafri (Reg No. 214)

Yumna Ghazi (Reg No. 217)

Zonera Tahir (Reg No. 220)

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Table of Contents:
Topics
Abstract and Background
• WDM in Pakistan
• SEA-ME-WE 3
• SDH in Pakistan
• Overview of Zong
Introduction
• History
• SDH
Principle of Operation
• Transmitter: o QAM o QPSK o Light source
• Receiver: o Light sensor o Operational Amplifier o QAM Detector
• Optical Equipment used at Zong Telecom
Specifications and Features
• SDH Frame Structure
• Traffic Interfaces
• Models Currently in Use
• Transmission Rate
• Sensitivity
• Electrical Characteristics o STM – 1 o STM – 64
• Network Topologies
• Limitations
Relevance with theory in class
• QAM
• PCM
Conclusion
• Advantages of SDH
• Usage of SDH
• Future of Private Circuits
• SDH/SONET Vs. PDH rates
References

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Abstract & Background
We were given the task to survey the PABX systems in Pakistan, but noticing that this technology was somewhat obsolete in major telecom companies, we instead switched to documenting a survey on a relatively new multiplexing protocol that is used to transport large amounts of data